Season of birth, natural light, and myopia
Season of birth, natural light, and myopia
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.05.040
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发表时间：
2008-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
13.7
通讯作者：
Bartov, Elisha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mandel, Yossi;Grotto, Itamar;Bartov, Elisha
目的：探讨出生季节和围产期日照时数(光周期)在近视发病中的可能作用。设计：以人群为基础的回顾性流行病学研究。研究对象：共276911名16~22岁的青少年，男157 663人，女119 248人。均为以色列出生的应征入伍士兵，在2000年至2004年的5年间接受检查。方法：非睫状肌麻痹的屈光度由自动验光仪测定，并由合格的验光师进行验证。近视根据右眼球镜等效度定义，分为轻度(-0.75~-2.99 D)、中度(-3.0~-5.99 D)、重度(-6.0D或更差)。光周期由天文表记录，可分为4类。结果：轻度近视、中度近视和重度近视的总患病率分别为18.8%、8.7%和2.4%。出生月份不同，中度近视和重度近视的患病率有季节变化，6/7月出生时患病率最高，12/1月份最低。在多因素Logistic回归分析中，光周期类别对中、重度近视的OR值具有非常显著的意义，且呈现剂量-反应模式。光周期最短与最长的重度近视的优势比最高(1.2495%可信区间1.151.33；P<；0.001)。轻度近视与出生季节或围产期光照无关。其他危险因素还有性别(女性为1.14)、教育程度(12岁以上为1.32)和父亲出身(东方血统为1.31，以色列血统为1.31)。结论：该人群近视与夏季出生有关。确切的关联机制尚不清楚，但可能与围产期早期暴露在自然光下有关。
Purpose: To investigate the possible roles of season of birth and perinatal duration of daylight hours (photoperiod) in the development of myopia.Design: Retrospective, population-based, epidemiological study.Participants: A total of 276 911 adolescents (157 663 male, 119 248 female) 16 to 22 years old. All were Israeli-born conscripts to the Israeli Defense Forces who were examined during the 5-year period 2000 through 2004.Methods: Noncycloplegic refraction was determined by autorefractometer and validated by qualified optometrists. Myopia, defined on the basis of right eye spherical equivalence, was classified as mild (-0.75 to -2.99 diopters [D]), moderate (-3.0 to -5.99 D), or severe (-6.0 D or worse). The photoperiod was recorded from astronomical tables and classified into 4 categories. Using multivariate logistic regression models, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) for several risk factors of myopia including season of birth.Main Outcome Measure: The OR for photoperiod categories as risk factors for myopia.Results: Overall prevalences of mild, moderate, and severe myopia were 18.8%, 8.7%, and 2.4%, respectively. There were seasonal variations in moderate and severe myopia according to birth month, with prevalence highest for June/July births and lowest for December/January. On multivariate logistic regression, the ORs of photoperiod categories for moderate and severe myopia were highly significant and demonstrated a dose-response pattern. Odds ratios for severe myopia were highest for the shortest versus the longest photoperiods (1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-1.33; P < 0.001). Mild myopia was not associated with season of birth or perinatal light exposure. Other risk factors were gender (1.14 for female), education level (1.32 for age above 12), and father's origin (1.31 for Eastern vs. Israeli origin).Conclusion: Myopia in this population is associated with birth during summer months. The exact associating mechanism is not known but might be related to exposure to natural light during the early perinatal period.