Early Pleistocene Faunas of Eurasia and Hominin Dispersals
Early Pleistocene Faunas of Eurasia and Hominin Dispersals
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DOI：
10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_13
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Martínez-Navarro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Martínez-Navarro
在新第三纪-第四纪期间，所有非洲类群向欧洲大陆的迁移都与欧亚动物群的重要更替有关。只有在极少数情况下，一些埃塞俄比亚起源的分类群渗透到北部大陆，反之亦然。非洲物种在欧亚大陆的发现和欧亚物种在非洲的发现虽然罕见，但具有重要的意义，提供了重要的气候、生态和地理信息。位于地中海盆地东部的黎凡特走廊被认为是从非洲进入欧亚大陆的主要通道，反之亦然。黎凡特是东非裂谷的延伸，形成了一个大陆间的瓶颈，而东非普遍的气候和生态条件在上新世-更新世时期向北延伸，这一事实使该地区成为解释这些扩散现象的最重要的关键地区。尽管在黎凡特地区记录了大量来自非洲的大型哺乳动物，但在上新世-更新世过渡时期和早更新世时期，这些物种中只有少数渗透到欧亚中纬度地区；这些分类群分别是奥斯瓦尔迪龙古猿、白万元龙和古河马。这种动物群的分散与人类第一次在北方大陆的殖民有关，并揭示了这一事件的新的古生态图景。正如在格鲁吉亚的德马尼西所发现的那样，社会行为的发展与人类系统的食肉行为一起，是在欧亚大陆中纬度地区殖民和在冬季和夏季季节性气候中生存所必需的，在那里全年都没有蔬菜资源。100万年后，在早更新世-中更新世过渡时期，非洲物种群又一次分散，这与阿舍利文化进入欧洲和亚洲有关。
During Neogene–Quaternary times, all the dispersals of African taxa into the European continent are related to important faunal turnovers in the Eurasian faunas. Only on rare occasions have a few taxa of Ethiopian origin penetrated into the Northern Continents and vice versa. The finding of African species in Eurasia and of Eurasian species in Africa, although rare, is always very significant and provides important climatic, ecologic and geographic information. The Levantine Corridor – situated in the eastern Mediterranean Basin – is accepted as the major route out of Africa into Eurasia andvice versa. The fact that the Levant is an extension of the East African Rift and forms an inter-continental bottleneck, and that the climatic and ecological conditions prevailing in East Africa extended north at the Plio-Pleistocene times, makes this region the most important key area for explaining these dispersal phenomena. Although a large number of African origin large mammals are recorded in the Levant, only a few of these species penetrated into the Eurasian middle latitudes during the Plio-Pleistocene transition and Early Pleistocene times; these taxa areTheropithecus oswaldi,Megantereon whitei, andHippopotamus antiquus. The dispersal of this fauna is associated with the first colonization of the Northern Continent by the genusHomo, and it reveals a new paleoecological picture of this event. The development of the social behavior, as has been detected in Dmanisi (Georgia), together with systematic carnivorous behavior by hominins, was necessary for colonizing the middle latitudes of Eurasia and survival in seasonal climates with winters and summers, where vegetable resources were not available throughout the year. One million years later, during the Early-Middle Pleistocene transition, there was another dispersal of African taxa, associated with the arrival of the Acheulean culture into Europe and Asia.