Crime displacement in digital drug markets
Crime displacement in digital drug markets
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.09.013
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Ladegaard, Isak
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ladegaard, Isak
背景 对犯罪活动集中的城市地点进行打击后，有时会发生犯罪的地理转移。网络空间是否也是如此，非法网站和在线网络可以被清除干净，但也可以快速重建并更换新的服务器和 URL？方法我分三个步骤解决这个问题。首先，我测量了一个大型毒品数字市场中的 MDMA 交易，在同一市场中领先的 MDMA 销售商被捕之前和之后。其次，我统计了2014年2月至2018年6月期间可用的数字毒品市场和供应商商店的数量，看看被警方关闭的网站是否被新网站取代。第三，我跟踪了执法部门关闭两个大型市场之前和之后个体毒品销售商的数字移动和交易活动。结果 警方逮捕了一名领先的 MDMA 销售商后，其他 MDMA 销售商填补了大部分（但不是全部）空白。大规模的执法打击减少了可用市场的数量，但新的市场却被创建出来，市场数量最终超过了之前的峰值。当执法部门关闭两个大市场时，许多卖家转移到其他电子商务网站并继续在那里进行高收入业务。 结论 逮捕和市场关闭将数字毒品交易重定向到其他卖家和市场。网络空间的热点警务可能会产生暂时的结果，但从长远来看可能是无效的，因为参与者利用信息和通信技术的独特能力进行重组。
Background Crackdowns on urban sites with concentrated criminal activity are sometimes followed by geographical relocation of crime. Is this also the case in cyberspace, where illegal websites and online networks can be wiped clean, but also quickly rebuilt and replaced on new servers and URLs?Methods I address this question in three steps. First, I measure MDMA trade in a large digital market for drugs, before and after the arrest of a leading MDMA seller in the same market. Second, I count the number of available digital drug markets and vendor shops in the period February 2014 June 2018, to see if websites closed by police were replaced by new ones. Third, I track the digital movement and trading activities of individual drug sellers, before and after law enforcement shut down two large markets.Results After police arrested a leading MDMA seller, other MDMA sellers filled most - but not all - of the gap. A major law enforcement crackdown reduced the number of available markets, but new ones were created, and market counts eventually surpassed the previous peak. When law enforcement shut down two big markets, many of the sellers relocated to other e-commerce sites and continued high-earning operations there.Conclusion Arrests and market closures redirect digital drug trade to other sellers and markets. Hot spot policing in cyberspace might produce temporary results, but is arguably ineffective in the long run, as actors use information and communication technology's unique capacities to reorganize.