Supermassive black holes do not correlate with galaxy disks or pseudobulges
Supermassive black holes do not correlate with galaxy disks or pseudobulges
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DOI：
10.1038/nature09694
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发表时间：
2011-01
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
J. Kormendy;Ralf Bender;M. Cornell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Kormendy;Ralf Bender;M. Cornell
已知超大质量黑洞的质量与其宿主星系的核球成分的特性相关。相比之下，它们似乎与星系盘无关。圆盘生长的“伪凸起”的性质介于凸起和圆盘之间。目前尚不清楚它们是否像凸起一样与黑洞相关。这个问题的关键在于得出关于星系的哪些部分与黑洞共同演化的结论，这可能是受到黑洞能量反馈的调节。在这里，我们报告了具有动态检测到的黑洞的星系的赝核分类，并将其与最近对最大无核核星系中速度色散的测量相结合。这些数据证实黑洞与圆盘没有关联，并表明它们与假核球几乎没有关联或根本没有关联。我们认为黑洞进食有两种不同的模式。当合并推动气体坠落并为类星体事件提供能量时，核球中的黑洞会迅速增长到很高的质量。相比之下，无核球星系和有假球核星系中的小黑洞会成长为低层塞弗特星系。前者的增长是由全局过程驱动的，因此最大的黑洞与核球共同演化，但后者的增长是局部随机驱动的，它们不与盘和伪核球共同演化。
The masses of supermassive black holes are known to correlate with the properties of the bulge components of their host galaxies,,,,. In contrast, they seem not to correlate with galaxy disks. Disk-grown ‘pseudobulges’ are intermediate in properties between bulges and disks; it has been unclear whether they do,or do not,,correlate with black holes in the same way that bulges do. At stake in this issue are conclusions about which parts of galaxies coevolve with black holes, possibly by being regulated by energy feedback from black holes. Here we report pseudobulge classifications for galaxies with dynamically detected black holes and combine them with recent measurements of velocity dispersions in the biggest bulgeless galaxies. These data confirm that black holes do not correlate with disks and show that they correlate little or not at all with pseudobulges. We suggest that there are two different modes of black-hole feeding. Black holes in bulges grow rapidly to high masses when mergers drive gas infall that feeds quasar-like events. In contrast, small black holes in bulgeless galaxies and in galaxies with pseudobulges grow as low-level Seyfert galaxies. Growth of the former is driven by global processes, so the biggest black holes coevolve with bulges, but growth of the latter is driven locally and stochastically, and they do not coevolve with disks and pseudobulges.