Police Reports of Mock Suspect Interrogations: A Test of Accuracy and Perception
Police Reports of Mock Suspect Interrogations: A Test of Accuracy and Perception
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警方关于模拟嫌疑人审讯的报告：准确性和感知力测试
DOI：
10.1037/lhb0000225
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
John DeCarlo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Kassin;Jeff Kukucka;Victoria Z. Lawson;John DeCarlo
一项分两个阶段的实验评估了警方关于模拟审讯的报告的准确性和完整性及其对人们看法的影响。在第一阶段，16 名经验丰富的警官调查了模拟犯罪现场，审问了 2 名无辜嫌疑人（其中一名嫌疑人被实验者描述为比另一名更可疑），并提交了一份事件报告。所有 32 次会议均被秘密录音；这些录音后来被用来评估报告。在第二阶段，向 96 名非专业参与者提供了案件的简要摘要，然后阅读 1 份警方报告、1 份逐字审讯笔录或聆听一段录音。结果显示，(a) 警方和嫌疑人对审讯的看法存在分歧； (b) 警方在报告中经常犯下遗漏错误，低估了他们对对抗、最大化、宽大处理和虚假证据的使用； (c) 与阅读逐字记录的参与者相比，阅读警方报告的第二阶段参与者认为整个过程压力较小，并且更有可能误判嫌疑人有罪。这些发现受到任务的简短性和低风险性质的限制，而且我们的怀疑操纵没有获得显着的效果，这表明需要进行更多的研究。尽管存在局限性，但这项研究增加了越来越多的实证文献，表明有必要要求所有可疑审讯都以电子方式记录。为了更客观、准确地描述所发生的事情，这项研究还提出了制作逐字记录的好处。
A 2-phased experiment assessed the accuracy and completeness of police reports on mock interrogations and their effects on people’s perceptions. In Phase 1, 16 experienced officers investigated a mock crime scene, interrogated 2 innocent suspects—1 described by the experimenter as more suspicious than the other—and filed an incident report. All 32 sessions were covertly recorded; the recordings were later used to assess the reports. In Phase 2, 96 lay participants were presented with a brief summary of the case and then either read 1 police report, read 1 verbatim interrogation transcript, or listened to an audiotape of a session. Results showed that (a) Police and suspects diverged in their perceptions of the interrogations; (b) Police committed frequent errors of omission in their reports, understating their use of confrontation, maximization, leniency, and false evidence; and (c) Phase 2 participants who read a police report, compared to those who read a verbatim transcript, perceived the process as less pressure-filled and were more likely to misjudge suspects as guilty. These findings are limited by the brevity and low-stakes nature of the task and by the fact that no significant effects were obtained for our suspicion manipulation, suggesting a need for more research. Limitations notwithstanding, this study adds to a growing empirical literature indicating the need for a requirement that all suspect interrogations be electronically recorded. To provide a more objective and accurate account of what transpired, this study also suggests the benefit of producing verbatim transcripts.