Bee honey as an environmental bioindicator of pesticides' occurrence in six agricultural areas of Greece
Bee honey as an environmental bioindicator of pesticides' occurrence in six agricultural areas of Greece
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DOI：
10.1007/s00244-007-9126-x
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发表时间：
2008-10-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Balayiannis, Panos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balayiannis, George;Balayiannis, Panos
利用在这些地区生产的蜂蜜作为生物指示剂，对希腊（北部、中部、南部）六个农业地区作物保护中使用的杀虫剂造成的污染进行了调查。从这些地区的养蜂场随机收集的蜂蜜样品进行了农药残留分析与多分析方法，能够同时确定多达10个有机磷杀虫剂从同一蜂蜜提取物。关于杀螨剂蝇毒磷的调查结果也包括在内，尽管它并不用于作物保护。蝇毒磷用于控制蜜蜂的外部寄生虫-狄斯瓦螨。上述地区大部分种植柑橘树或棉花或向日葵作物，这些作物是蜜蜂的良好饲料。这些作物的主要害虫是昆虫;因此，杀虫剂被大规模用于作物保护。污染最严重的样品来自柑橘格罗夫斯园，19个样品中有16个样品有农药残留，其中4个样品有毒死蜱（21.05%），10个样品有毒死蜱（52.63%），2个样品有甲拌磷（10.53%）。在17个棉田样品中，有8个样品中有甲拌磷残留（35.29%），1个样品中有氯氰菊酯残留（5.88%），1个样品中有毒死蜱残留（5.88%）。向日葵田9个样品中，甲拌磷残留4个，残留率为44.44%。总之，在50份分析样品中，检出虫螨威磷残留5份（10%），毒死蜱残留11份（22%），甲拌磷残留12份（24%）。其含量范围为0.70至0.89微克/千克。蝇毒磷残留量范围为0.10至4.80微克/千克，仅来自用Perizin处理过的蜂箱这项研究表明，在养蜂业发达的农业地区，由于作物保护处理，农药残留的发生和分布的有用信息可以从随机收集的蜂蜜样品的分析中获得，用作生物指示剂。它还表明，养蜂人在蜂箱内为了控制疾病而使用的化学品往往是所生产蜂蜜的主要污染物。
The pollution of six agricultural areas of Greece (north, central, south) by insecticides used in crop protection has been investigated utilizing, as a bioindicator, bee honey produced in those areas. Honey samples collected randomly from apiaries located in those areas were analyzed for pesticide residues with a multianalytical method, able to determine simultaneously up to 10 organophosphorous insecticides from the same honey extract. Findings concerning the acaricide coumaphos were also included, even though it is not used in crop protection. Coumaphos is used to control the mite Varroa destructor, an external parasite of the honeybee. The above areas are cultivated in large extent with citrus trees or cotton or sunflower crops, which are good forages for honeybees. The main pests of those crops are insects; hence, insecticides are used on a large scale for crop protection. The most contaminated samples originated from citrus groves; 16 out of 19 had pesticide residues: 4 samples had chlorfenvinphos (21.05%), 10 had chlorpyrifos (52.63%) and 2 had phorate (10.53%). Out of 17 samples from cotton fields, residues were found in 8, phorate in 6 (35.29%), chlorfenvinphos in 1 (5.88%), and chlorpyrifos in 1 (5.88%). Out of nine samples from fields of sunflower, four had phorate residues (44.44%). In brief, from the 50 analyzed samples, residues of chlorfenvinphos were detected in 5 samples (10%), residues of chlorpyrifos in 11 samples (22%), and residues of phorate in 12 samples (24%). Their levels ranged between 0.70 and 0.89 mu g/kg. Coumaphos residues ranged from 0.10 up to 4.80 mu g/kg and were derived exclusively from beehives treated with Perizin (the commercial formulation of coumaphos) for Varroa control.This study indicates that in agricultural areas with developed apiculture, useful information about the occurrence and the distribution of pesticide residues due to crop protection treatments can be derived from the analysis of randomly collected honey samples, used as bioindicators. It also shows that, very often, the chemicals used by apiculturists inside the hives in order to control disease are the main pollutants of the produced honey.