Temperature and age, individually and interactively, shape the size, weight, and body composition of adult female mosquitoes
Temperature and age, individually and interactively, shape the size, weight, and body composition of adult female mosquitoes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104525
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发表时间：
2023-05-27
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Hillyer, Julian F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barr, Jordyn S.;Estevez-Lao, Tania Y.;Hillyer, Julian F.
大多数昆虫都是变温动物和外温动物，因此它们的体温会波动，并与环境的温度密切相关。全球气温上升正在通过改变昆虫的生存、繁殖和传播疾病的能力来影响它们的生理机能。衰老也会影响昆虫的生理机能，因为随着昆虫的衰老，身体会通过衰老而退化。虽然温度和年龄都影响昆虫生物学，但这些因素在历史上一直被孤立地研究。因此，目前还不清楚温度和年龄是否或如何相互作用，以塑造昆虫的生理。在这里，我们调查了温暖的温度（27摄氏度，30摄氏度和32摄氏度），老化（羽化后1，5，10和15天），以及它们的相互作用对蚊子，冈比亚按蚊的大小和身体组成的影响。我们发现，温暖的温度导致成年蚊子略小，如腹部和胫骨长度所测量的。衰老改变腹部长度和干重的方式，与能量资源的增加和组织重塑后发生的变态和衰老为基础的下降，随后englomeration。此外，成年蚊子的碳水化合物和脂质含量并没有受到温度的影响，但随着年龄的增长而改变：碳水化合物含量随着年龄的增长而增加，而脂质含量在成年的前几天增加，然后减少。蛋白质含量随着温度的升高和老化而降低，并且老化相关的降低在较温暖的温度下加速。总而言之，温度和年龄，单独地和在较小程度上相互作用，塑造成年蚊子的大小和组成。
Most insects are poikilotherms and ectotherms, so their body temperature fluctuates and closely aligns with the temperature of their environment. The rise in global temperatures is affecting the physiology of insects by altering their ability to survive, reproduce, and transmit disease. Aging also impacts insect physiology because the body deteriorates via senescence as the insect ages. Although temperature and age both impact insect biology, these factors have historically been studied in isolation. So, it is unknown whether or how temperature and age interact to shape insect physiology. Here, we investigated the effects of warmer temperature (27 degrees C, 30 degrees C and 32 degrees C), aging (1, 5, 10, and 15 days post-eclosion), and their interaction on the size and body composition of the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. We found that warmer temperatures result in slightly smaller adult mosquitoes, as measured by abdomen and tibia length. Aging alters both abdominal length and dry weight in a manner that correlates with the increase in energetic resources and tissue remodeling that occurs after metamorphosis and the senescence-based decline that ensues later. Moreover, the carbohydrate and lipid contents of adult mosquitoes are not meaningfully affected by temperature but are altered by aging: carbohydrate content increases with age whereas lipid content increases over the first few days of adulthood and then decreases. Protein content decreases with both rising temperature and aging, and the aging-associated decrease accelerates at warmer temperatures. Altogether, temperature and age, individually and to a lesser extent interactively, shape the size and composition of adult mosquitoes.