THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT OF DRUG AND NONDRUG REINFORCERS AFFECTS ACQUISITION AND MAINTENANCE OF DRUG-REINFORCED BEHAVIOR AND WITHDRAWAL EFFECTS
THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT OF DRUG AND NONDRUG REINFORCERS AFFECTS ACQUISITION AND MAINTENANCE OF DRUG-REINFORCED BEHAVIOR AND WITHDRAWAL EFFECTS
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/0376-8716(93)90061-t
复制
发表时间：
1993-09-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
CARROLL, ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CARROLL, ME
本综述的重点是考察非药物替代增强剂对药物强化行为的影响。越来越多的动物实验室和人类临床研究证明了非药物增强剂在降低药物稳态给药水平方面的有效性。这项综述的一个目标是确定什么行为经济条件对减少药物强化行为是最佳的。诸如药品和非药品增强剂的价格等变量通过改变这些商品的固定比率(FR)值来操纵。通过限制获得商品的数量或改变会期长度，收入发生了变化。通过确定药物需求减少(由于价格上涨)是否与非药物增强剂需求增加有关来评估替代情况。这项综述的第二个目标是调查药物成瘾过程中关于替代非药物增强剂的作用的过渡状态。研究了获得和戒断的动物模型，以确定在哪些行为经济学条件下，可以防止获得或减轻戒断效应(和复发的可能性)。
The focus of this review is to examine the effect of non-drug alternative reinforcers on drug-reinforced behavior. An increasing number of animal laboratory as well as human clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of non-drug reinforcers in reducing steady-state levels of drug self-administration. One goal of this review was to determine what behavioral economic conditions are optimal for reducing drug-reinforced behavior. Variables such as price of the drug and non-drug reinforcer have been manipulated by changing fixed-ratio (FR) value of these commodities. Income has been changed by limiting the amount of access to the commodities or by changing session length. Substitution was evaluated by determining whether decreased demand for a drug (due to increased price) was related to increased demand for a non-drug reinforcer. A second goal of this review was to investigate transition states in the drug addiction process with respect to the role of alternative non-drug reinforcers. Animal models of acquisition and withdrawal were examined to identify behavioral economic conditions under which acquisition may be prevented or withdrawal effects (and potential for relapse) may be alleviated.