Genetic and environmental influences on the relation between parental social class and mortality
Genetic and environmental influences on the relation between parental social class and mortality
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DOI：
10.1093/ije/dyl045
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发表时间：
2006-10-01
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Sorensen, Thorkild I. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Osler, Merete;Petersen, Liselotte;Sorensen, Thorkild I. A.
背景 遗传和母亲产前环境因素以及产后养育环境可能会影响儿童社会经济环境与后期死亡率之间的关联。为了理清这些影响，我们研究了一组被收养者的全因死亡率和特定原因死亡率，我们估计了他们的亲生父亲和养父的社会阶层的影响，分别作为遗传和/或产前环境因素和产后环境的指标。方法对所有 12608 名 1924-47 年出生于丹麦、早年被养父母抚养的儿童进行了死亡原因随访，直至 2000 年。使用 Cox 回归模型对从收养记录中检索到的父亲社会阶层进行估计。结果 生父来自较高社会阶层的被收养者在 50 岁后的死亡率较低，这主要是因为心血管、传染病和呼吸道疾病的风险较低。养父的社会阶层与被养人的死亡风险没有明显的关系。在对被收养者的成年社会阶层进行调整后，父亲社会阶层的风险估计略有减弱，正如预期的那样，这与自然原因和外部原因死亡呈负相关。结论遗传和/或产前环境因素有助于父亲社会阶层与成年后自然原因死亡关系的发展，与自身社会阶层的影响无关，但没有证据表明养育环境有这种长期影响。
Background Genetic and maternal prenatal environmental factors as well as the post-natal rearing environment may contribute to the association between childhood socioeconomic circumstances and later mortality. In order to disentangle these influences, we studied all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a cohort of adoptees, in whom we estimated the effects of their biological and adoptive fathers' social classes as indicators of the genetic and/or prenatal environmental factors and the post-natal environment, respectively.Methods In all 12608 children born 1924-47 in Denmark who were placed early in life with adoptive parents were followed up for causes of death until 2000. Hazard ratios for paternal social class retrieved from adoption records were estimated using Cox regression models.Results Adoptees with biological fathers from higher social classes had a lower rate of mortality after their fifth decade of life, mainly due to a lower risk of cardiovascular, infectious, and respiratory diseases. Adoptive father's social class showed no clear relation with adoptee's mortality risk. The risk estimates for paternal social class were slightly attenuated after adjustment for adoptee's adult social class, which as expected was inversely related to mortality from both natural and external causes.Conclusion Genetic and/or prenatal environmental factors contribute to the development of the relation of paternal social class to mortality from natural causes later in adult life independently of the effect of own social class, whereas there is no evidence for such long-term effect of the rearing environment.