Population status, habitat dependence, and reproductive ecology of Bahama Orioles: a critically endangered synanthropic species
Population status, habitat dependence, and reproductive ecology of Bahama Orioles: a critically endangered synanthropic species
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巴哈马金莺的种群状况、栖息地依赖性和繁殖生态学：极度濒危的共生物种
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发表时间：
2011
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Hayes
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作者：
Melissa R Price;V. A. Lee;W. Hayes
摘要近年来，极度濒危的巴哈马金莺(Icterus Northropi)的物种地位上升，促使我们对它们的种群状况、栖息地利用和繁殖生态进行了评估。根据调查，我们估计全球至少有141到254只海豚，其中90到162只、24到44只和27到48只分别留在巴哈马群岛的北安德罗斯岛、红树林礁和南安德罗斯岛。金莺仅在人工栖息地(居民地和农地)筑巢，但其栖息地也包括附近的松林和灌木林(干阔叶林)。大多数巢(40/46，或87%)在非本地椰子棕榈树(Cocos Nucifera)上，本地的Sabal Palmetto和Thrinax morrisii，以及引进的Brosa actinophylla也被使用。与随机选择的棕榈树相比，被金莺选择用于筑巢的树明显更高，下面不太可能有灌木，距离掩蔽处更远，附近有更多的棕榈树。在已知内容的8个巢中，有3个被闪亮的牛鸟(Molothus Bonariensis)寄生。致命的黄化疾病最近摧毁了椰子棕榈树，减少了北仙女座上的金莺数量，但红树林礁和南仙女座上的棕榈树仍然健康。对于巴哈马金莺来说，人类栖息地与合适的原生栖息地的并置可能比任何单一因素都更重要，特别是对于繁殖的成虫和羽翼未丰的幼鸟。保护丛林栖息地对农业和住宅开发具有很高的风险，对于这种极度濒危的同居物种的生存至关重要。
ABSTRACT Recent elevation of critically endangered Bahama Orioles (Icterus northropi) to species status prompted us to evaluate their population status, habitat use, and breeding ecology. From surveys, we estimated that at least 141 to 254 individuals remain globally, with 90 to 162, 24 to 44, and 27 to 48 individuals remaining on North Andros Island, Mangrove Cay, and South Andros Island, The Bahamas, respectively. Orioles were observed nesting exclusively in anthropogenic habitat (residential and agricultural land), but home ranges also included nearby pine forest and coppice (dry broadleaf forest). Most nests (40 of 46, or 87%) were in nonnative coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), with native Sabal palmetto and Thrinax morrisii, and an introduced Brassaia actinophylla also used. Trees selected by orioles for nesting were significantly taller, less likely to have shrubs underneath, further from cover, and had more palm trees nearby than randomly selected palm trees. Three of eight nests with known contents were parasitized by Shiny Cowbirds (Molothrus bonariensis). Lethal yellowing disease recently devastated coconut palms and reduced the number of orioles on North Andros, but palms on Mangrove Cay and South Andros remain healthy. The juxtaposition of anthropogenic habitat to suitable native habitats may be more important than any single factor for Bahama Orioles, especially for breeding adults and fledged young. Conservation of coppice habitat, at high risk for agricultural and residential development, is crucial for survival of this critically endangered synanthropic species.