Automotive Adsorption Air Conditioner Powered by Exhaust Heat. Part 2: Detailed Design and Analysis
Automotive Adsorption Air Conditioner Powered by Exhaust Heat. Part 2: Detailed Design and Analysis
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DOI：
10.1243/09544070jauto222
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发表时间：
2006-07
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Lambert;B. Jones
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Lambert;B. Jones
摘要本文介绍了汽车吸附式空调器的详细设计和分析，特别是关键部件，吸附剂罐，或吸附器，和排气到油加热器。最好的吸附剂-制冷剂组合是活性炭氨。对于吸附器外壳和管道，奥氏体不锈钢304在300 °C下具有足够的疲劳强度，并且与氨相容。吸附器内的环形翅片和羊毛是镀镍的低碳钢。排气至机油加热器由铁素体不锈钢制成，可承受超过400 °C的加热。吸附器、油加热器和制冷剂储存器的尺寸根据第1部分中定义的微型车在典型通勤期间的冷却要求确定。制冷剂储存器在冷发动机启动时提供立即冷却，同时排气系统和吸附器正在加热。含有相变材料（PCM）的储热器允许在20分钟通勤后完全重新填充制冷剂储热器。对吸附器和油加热器进行了详细的热分析、流体分析和力学分析。取消机械压缩机将使中型、紧凑型和微型汽车的燃油里程增加14%-18%，或每年增加4.6%-6.0%，前提是冷却季节为4个月。吸附系统使车辆质量增加1.35%，从而使燃料里程减少1.22%，因此，就燃料里程而言，每年的效益/成本比为2.3至2.7。
Abstract This paper presents the detailed design and analysis of an automotive adsorption air conditioner, particularly the critical components, the adsorbent canisters, or adsorbers, and the exhaust-to-oil heater. The best adsorbent-refrigerant combination is activated carbonammonia. For the adsorber shell and tubes, austenitic stainless steel 304 has sufficient fatigue strength at 300 °C and is compatible with ammonia. Annular fins and wool inside the adsorbers are nickel-plated low-carbon steel. The exhaust-to-oil heater is of ferritic stainless steel and can withstand heating beyond 400 °C. The adsorbers, oil heater, and refrigerant reservoir are sized on the basis of the cooling requirement for a subcompact car during a typical commute, as defined in Part 1. The refrigerant reservoir provides immediate cooling upon start-up of a cold engine while the exhaust system and adsorbers are heating. A thermal reservoir containing phase-change material (PCM) allows full recharging of the refrigerant reservoir after a 20 min commute. Detailed thermal, fluidic, and mechanical analyses of the adsorbers and oil heater are performed. Eliminating the mechanical compressor increases fuel mileage by 14-18 per cent for mid-size, compact, and subcompact cars, or 4.6-6.0 per cent annually, given a 4 month cooling season. The adsorption system adds ∊3.5 per cent to vehicle mass, which reduces fuel mileage by ∊2.1 per cent. Thus, the annual benefit/cost ratio in terms of fuel mileage ranges from 2.3 to 2.7.