Dire wolves were the last of an ancient New World canid lineage

Dire wolves were the last of an ancient New World canid lineage
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-020-03082-x
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发表时间：
2021-01
期刊：
Nature
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Angela R. Perri;Kieren J. Mitchell;A. Mouton;Sandra Álvarez-Carretero;A. Hulme-Beaman;J. Haile;A. Jamieson;J. Meachen;Audrey T. Lin;B. Schubert;C. Ameen;E. Antipina;P. Bover;Selina Brace;Alberto Carmagnini;Christian Carøe;J. A. Samaniego Castruita;J. Chatters;K. Dobney;Mario dos Reis;A. Evin;P. Gaubert;Shyam Gopalakrishnan;Graham Gower;Holly Heiniger;K. Helgen;J. Kapp;P. Kosintsev;Anna Linderholm;A. Ozga;Samantha Presslee;Alexander T. Salis;Nedda F. Saremi;Colin J. Shew;K. Skerry;Dmitry E Taranenko;M. Thompson;M. Sablin;Y. Kuzmin;M. Collins;Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding;M. Gilbert;A. Stone;B. Shapiro;B. Van Valkenburgh;R. Wayne;G. Larson;A. Cooper;L. Frantz
Angela R. Perri;Kieren J. Mitchell;A. Mouton;Sandra Álvarez-Carretero;A. Hulme-Beaman;J. Haile;A. Jamieson;J. Meachen;Audrey T. Lin;B. Schubert;C. Ameen;E. Antipina;P. Bover;Selina Brace;Alberto Carmagnini;Christian Carøe;J. A. Samaniego Castruita;J. Chatters;K. Dobney;Mario dos Reis;A. Evin;P. Gaubert;Shyam Gopalakrishnan;Graham Gower;Holly Heiniger;K. Helgen;J. Kapp;P. Kosintsev;Anna Linderholm;A. Ozga;Samantha Presslee;Alexander T. Salis;Nedda F. Saremi;Colin J. Shew;K. Skerry;Dmitry E Taranenko;M. Thompson;M. Sablin;Y. Kuzmin;M. Collins;Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding;M. Gilbert;A. Stone;B. Shapiro;B. Van Valkenburgh;R. Wayne;G. Larson;A. Cooper;L. Frantz
中科院分区：
综合性期刊1区
文献类型：
--
作者：
Angela R. Perri;Kieren J. Mitchell;A. Mouton;Sandra Álvarez-Carretero;A. Hulme-Beaman;J. Haile;A. Jamieson;J. Meachen;Audrey T. Lin;B. Schubert;C. Ameen;E. Antipina;P. Bover;Selina Brace;Alberto Carmagnini;Christian Carøe;J. A. Samaniego Castruita;J. Chatters;K. Dobney;Mario dos Reis;A. Evin;P. Gaubert;Shyam Gopalakrishnan;Graham Gower;Holly Heiniger;K. Helgen;J. Kapp;P. Kosintsev;Anna Linderholm;A. Ozga;Samantha Presslee;Alexander T. Salis;Nedda F. Saremi;Colin J. Shew;K. Skerry;Dmitry E Taranenko;M. Thompson;M. Sablin;Y. Kuzmin;M. Collins;Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding;M. Gilbert;A. Stone;B. Shapiro;B. Van Valkenburgh;R. Wayne;G. Larson;A. Cooper;L. Frantz

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恐狼被认为是美国更新世最常见、分布最广的大型食肉动物之一，但人们对它们的进化或灭绝知之甚少。在这里，为了重建恐狼的进化史，我们从1.3万年前到5万多年前的亚化石遗骸中对5个基因组进行了测序。我们的结果表明，尽管它们在形态上与现存的灰狼相似，但可怕的狼是一个高度分化的谱系，大约在570万年前从现存的犬科动物中分裂出来。与许多犬科杂交的例子相反，没有证据表明可怕的狼和北美灰狼或郊狼之间存在基因流动。这表明，可怕的狼是在与这些物种的更新世祖先隔离的情况下进化出来的。我们的结果也支持恐狼起源于早期的新大陆，而灰狼、郊狼和洞穴的祖先进化到欧亚大陆，并在最近才殖民北美。
Dire wolves are considered to be one of the most common and widespread large carnivores in Pleistocene America, yet relatively little is known about their evolution or extinction. Here, to reconstruct the evolutionary history of dire wolves, we sequenced five genomes from sub-fossil remains dating from 13,000 to more than 50,000 years ago. Our results indicate that although they were similar morphologically to the extant grey wolf, dire wolves were a highly divergent lineage that split from living canids around 5.7 million years ago. In contrast to numerous examples of hybridization across Canidae,, there is no evidence for gene flow between dire wolves and either North American grey wolves or coyotes. This suggests that dire wolves evolved in isolation from the Pleistocene ancestors of these species. Our results also support an early New World origin of dire wolves, while the ancestors of grey wolves, coyotes and dholes evolved in Eurasia and colonized North America only relatively recently.