Oocyte mitochondria: role on fertility and disease transmission.
Oocyte mitochondria: role on fertility and disease transmission.
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DOI：
10.21451/1984-3143-ar2018-0069
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发表时间：
2018-08-17
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Machado TS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chiaratti MR;Garcia BM;Carvalho KF;Macabelli CH;Ribeiro FKDS;Zangirolamo AF;Sarapião FD;Seneda MM;Meirelles FV;Guimarães FEG;Machado TS
与体细胞中的线粒体相比，卵母细胞线粒体的数量增加、体积更小、外观更圆。此外，由于线粒体对卵母细胞成熟的关键作用，线粒体数量和活性与卵母细胞质量密切相关。在卵母细胞成熟过程中，线粒体表现出极大的流动性并聚集在特定位置以满足高能量需求。相反，在早期卵子发生过程中不需要卵母细胞线粒体，因为与颗粒细胞的偶联足以满足配子的需求。在某种程度上，这可能是因为保护线粒体免受氧化损伤的重要性，氧化损伤会导致线粒体 DNA (mtDNA) 突变。考虑到线粒体仅由母亲遗传，线粒体DNA突变的卵母细胞可能会导致后代患病。因此，为了平衡突变的扩展，卵母细胞已经发展出特定的机制来过滤掉有害的线粒体DNA分子。在此，我们讨论线粒体对卵母细胞发育潜力的作用，以及支持针对卵母细胞中有害 mtDNA 突变的纯化过滤器的最新证据。
Oocyte mitochondria are increased in number, smaller, and rounder in appearance than mitochondria in somatic cells. Moreover, mitochondrial numbers and activity are narrowly tied with oocyte quality because of the key role of mitochondria to oocyte maturation. During oocyte maturation, mitochondria display great mobility and cluster at specific sites to meet the high energy demand. Conversely, oocyte mitochondria are not required during early oogenesis as coupling with granulosa cells is sufficient to support gamete’s needs. In part, this might be explained by the importance of protecting mitochondria from oxidative damage that result in mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Considering mitochondria are transmitted exclusively by the mother, oocytes with mtDNA mutations may lead to diseases in offspring. Thus, to counterbalance mutation expansion, the oocyte has developed specific mechanisms to filter out deleterious mtDNA molecules. Herein, we discuss the role of mitochondria on oocyte developmental potential and recent evidence supporting a purifying filter against deleterious mtDNA mutations in oocytes.