The ecology and evolution of partial migration
The ecology and evolution of partial migration
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.20131.x
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Hansson, Lars-Anders
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chapman, Ben B.;Bronmark, Christer;Hansson, Lars-Anders
部分迁徙，即动物种群由定居和迁徙个体组成，是自然界中的一种普遍现象。据报道，它发生在所有主要的脊椎动物群体中，并可能产生重大的生态后果。在这里，我们给一个概述的生态学和动物部分迁移的进化。我们首先回顾了不同类型的部分迁移，并评估了生态驱动器负责驱动种群内迁移趋势的个体差异。多种因素在促进部分迁移的演变中可能是重要的，包括对资源或繁殖机会的竞争、捕食风险和种内生态位多样性。通常，各种因素协同作用，以创造复杂的模式，运动多态性的人口。部分迁移是如何保持在进化的时间尺度的问题也得到了解决。虽然许多理论考虑部分迁移利用进化稳定状态（ESS）范式，这是缺乏经验证据。相反，有证据表明，部分迁移主要是条件依赖性的，对一个人来说，最佳结果取决于其表型。是什么决定了一个人是否遵循迁移或居民的策略进行了讨论，根据新的理论和经验数据，支持的想法，环境响应的遗传阈值是重要的，在一系列的物种，从鸟类到鱼类，在prominently塑造迁移趋势。最后，我们支持我们的愿景，部分迁移研究将在未来的发展，并建议一些令人兴奋的方向，研究迁移二型性可能需要在未来几年。
Partial migration, where populations of animals are composed of a mixture of resident and migratory individuals, is a widespread phenomenon in nature. It has been reported to occur in all major vertebrate groups, and can have significant ecological consequences. Here we give an overview of the ecology and evolution of partial migration in animals. We firstly review the different types of partial migration, and assess the ecological drivers responsible for driving individual differences in migratory tendency within populations. A variety of factors can be important in promoting the evolution of partial migration, including competition for resources or breeding opportunities, predation risk and intraspecific niche diversity. Often various factors act synergistically to create complex patterns of movement polymorphism within populations. The question of how partial migration is maintained over evolutionary timescales is also addressed. Whilst many theoretical considerations of partial migration utilise an evolutionary stable state (ESS) paradigm, empirical evidence for this is lacking. Rather the evidence suggests that partial migration is mostly condition dependent, and the optimum outcome for an individual is dependent upon its phenotype. What determines whether an individual follows a migratory or resident strategy is discussed in light of new theory and empirical data which supports the idea that environmentally responsive genetic thresholds are important across a range of species, from birds to fish, in proximately shaping migratory tendency. Finally we espouse our vision of how partial migration research will develop in the future, and suggest a number of exciting directions that studies into migratory dimorphism may take in the coming years.