Compositional variance in extracted particulate matter using different filter extraction techniques
Compositional variance in extracted particulate matter using different filter extraction techniques
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.02.026
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发表时间：
2015-04-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Wexler, A. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bein, K. J.;Wexler, A. S.
从过滤基质中收集和随后提取颗粒物(PM)是体内和体外毒理学研究以及离子色谱和电感耦合等离子体质谱等化学分析的常见要求。存在几种过滤器提取方案，不同的实验室使用不同的方法，这可能会对研究间的比较产生偏见。以前的研究表明，不同技术之间的提取效率存在显着差异，并确定了相关的提取伪像。然而，基于提取的PM的化学成分的不同方法的全面相互比较从未进行过。在目前的研究中，使用不同实验室常用的技术：多溶剂萃取法(MSE)和旋转下萃取法(SDE)，对从玻璃纤维过滤器中提取的PM进行了一套详尽的化学分析。PM样本是在城市和农村环境下使用大容量PM2.5采样器进行实地研究期间同时收集的。结果表明，所分析的所有化学成分，包括金属、水溶性离子、多环芳烃、非芳香有机物、元素碳和有机碳，PM提取物之间的组成存在显著差异。MSE的质量闭合大于90%，但SDE的质量闭合明显偏离。对存档的SDE样品进行详细的回溯性重量分析表明，基于工艺的PM质量损失是造成差异的根本原因。这些损失被证明是成分偏差的，无论是不同PM混合物之间的外部损失还是给定PM混合物内部的损失。总而言之，这项研究的结果首次证明了(I)单一PM提取物的详尽化学表征，(Ii)直接表征用于毒理学研究的PM提取物的重要性，(Iii)不同过滤萃取技术之间存在显著的成分偏差，以及(Iv)标准化过滤萃取目标和程序的重要性，以避免将研究偏差引入毒理学研究。(C)2015爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Collection and subsequent extraction of particulate matter (PM) from filter substrates is a common requirement for in vivo and in vitro toxicological studies, as well as chemical analyses such as ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Several filter extraction protocols exist and different laboratories employ different methods, potentially biasing inter-study comparisons. Previous studies have shown significant differences in extraction efficiency between techniques and identified the relevant extraction artifacts. However, a comprehensive inter-comparison of different methods based on the chemical composition of the extracted PM has never been conducted. In the current study, an exhaustive suite of chemical analyses is performed on PM extracted from glass microfiber filters using techniques commonly employed in different laboratories: Multi-solvent extraction (MSE) and spin-down extraction (SDE). PM samples were collected simultaneously during field studies conducted in an urban and rural setting using a high-volume PM2.5 sampler. Results show remarkable compositional variance between the PM extracts for all chemical components analyzed, including metals, water soluble ions, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, non-aromatic organics, elemental carbon and organic carbon. Mass closure was greater than 90% for MSE but deviated substantially for SDE. Detailed retrospective gravimetric analysis of archived SDE samples revealed that a process-based loss of PM mass is the root cause of the differences. These losses are shown to be compositionally biased, both externally between different PM mixtures and internally within a given PM mixture. In combination, the results of this study are the first to demonstrate (i) an exhaustive chemical characterization of a single PM extract, (ii) the significance of directly characterizing the extracted PM used in toxicological studies, (iii) the existence of substantial compositional biases between different filter extraction techniques and (iv) the importance of standardizing filter extraction objectives and procedures to avoid introducing study bias into toxicological studies. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.