Balancing Flexibility and Interference in Working Memory.
Balancing Flexibility and Interference in Working Memory.
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-vision-100419-104831
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发表时间：
2021-09-15
影响因子：
6
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
工作记忆是认知的核心，它灵活地保存着复杂行为所需的各种想法。然而，尽管工作记忆很重要，但它的容量非常有限，一次只能容纳3-4个项目。在这里，我回顾了实验和计算的证据，工作记忆的灵活性和有限的容量反映了相同的潜在神经机制。我认为工作记忆依赖于前额叶皮层中的高维度、整合性表征和感觉皮层中的结构化表征之间的相互作用。总之，这些相互作用允许工作记忆灵活地保持任意表示。然而，工作记忆的分布式特性是以造成记忆中项目之间的干扰为代价的，从而导致容量有限。最后，我讨论了大脑用来减少干扰和最大化工作记忆有效容量的几种机制。
Working memory is central to cognition, flexibly holding the variety of thoughts needed for complex behavior. Yet, despite its importance, working memory has a severely limited capacity, holding only 3–4 items at once. Here, I review experimental and computational evidence that the flexibility and limited capacity of working memory reflect the same underlying neural mechanism. I argue working memory relies on interactions between high-dimensional, integrative, representations in prefrontal cortex and structured representations in sensory cortex. Together, these interactions allow working memory to flexibly maintain arbitrary representations. However, the distributed nature of working memory comes at the cost of causing interference between items in memory, resulting in a limited capacity. Finally, I discuss several mechanisms used by the brain to reduce interference and maximize the effective capacity of working memory.