Top-Down Cognitive and Linguistic Influences on the Suppression of Spontaneous Otoacoustic Emissions.
Top-Down Cognitive and Linguistic Influences on the Suppression of Spontaneous Otoacoustic Emissions.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2018.00378
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Dhar S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marian V;Lam TQ;Hayakawa S;Dhar S
听觉通常被认为是一个自下而上的过程，然而大脑施加自上而下的控制来影响我们听到的方式和内容。我们报告的发现，自上而下的影响力的大小因个体而异的语言背景和执行功能的差异。参与者是32名听力正常的人（23名女性），他们的语言背景不同（11名英语单语者，10名韩英后期双语者和11名韩英早期双语者），以及认知能力（工作记忆，认知控制）。为了评估对内耳功能的传出控制，向参与者呈现语音（例如，/ba/，/pa/），对侧耳进行自发性耳声发射（SOAE）检测。SOAE与耳蜗中声音的放大相关，并且可以用作自上而下传出活动的指标。具有双语经验的个体和具有更好认知控制的个体在响应于语音刺激的SOAE振幅中经历了更大的降低，这可能是由于耳蜗中放大的传出抑制更大。这种抑制可以通过最小化噪声的破坏性影响来帮助语音感知的关键任务。相比之下，工作记忆较好的人对耳蜗的控制较少，这可能是由于在后期处理复杂刺激的能力更强。这些发现表明，即使是听觉感知的外围机制也是由自上而下的认知和语言影响形成的。
Auditory sensation is often thought of as a bottom-up process, yet the brain exerts top-down control to affect how and what we hear. We report the discovery that the magnitude of top-down influence varies across individuals as a result of differences in linguistic background and executive function. Participants were 32 normal-hearing individuals (23 female) varying in language background (11 English monolinguals, 10 Korean-English late bilinguals, and 11 Korean-English early bilinguals), as well as cognitive abilities (working memory, cognitive control). To assess efferent control over inner ear function, participants were presented with speech-sounds (e.g., /ba/, /pa/) in one ear while spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) were measured in the contralateral ear. SOAEs are associated with the amplification of sound in the cochlea, and can be used as an index of top-down efferent activity. Individuals with bilingual experience and those with better cognitive control experienced larger reductions in the amplitude of SOAEs in response to speech stimuli, likely as a result of greater efferent suppression of amplification in the cochlea. This suppression may aid in the critical task of speech perception by minimizing the disruptive effects of noise. In contrast, individuals with better working memory exert less control over the cochlea, possibly due to a greater capacity to process complex stimuli at later stages. These findings demonstrate that even peripheral mechanics of auditory perception are shaped by top-down cognitive and linguistic influences.
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影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Calvo N;Ibáñez A;García AM
通讯作者：
García AM
影响因子：
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HARRISON, WA;BURNS, EM
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de Abreu, Pascale M. J. Engel
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