Comparative feeding ecology of red (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Scottish plantation forests
Comparative feeding ecology of red (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Scottish plantation forests
复制标题
苏格兰人工林中红鹿 (Cervus elaphus) 和狍 (Capreolus capreolus) 的摄食生态学比较
DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01003.x
复制
发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
M. Gorman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Latham;B. Staines;M. Gorman
通过对144个瘤胃样品的植物学和化学分析，对苏格兰人工林中的马鹿和马鹿的饲料进行了评价。夏季和冬季的样本来自四个森林，鹿的密度和比例不同。马鹿在夏天主要吃草，冬天吃莎草、灯心草、草和石南花(环状植物)。夏天，公鹿主要吃杂草(禾本科以外的草本植物)，冬天吃杂草、石南、乔木和灌木的混合体。这两个物种吃杂草和草的量有显著差异(P<；0.001)。两个物种在夏天吃更多的草和杂草，在冬天吃更多的石南花(P<；0.05)。无论是马鹿还是公鹿，在食物组成或季节变化方面，森林之间的差异都很小。两个季节马鹿的洗涤瘤胃含氮量均高于马鹿(P<；0.05)，且夏季两种鹿的含氮量均高于冬季(P<；0.05)。将瘤胃内主要植物种类的比例与地面植物区系中记录的植物丰度进行比较。这些比较表明，马鹿对植物的选择性很高，而马鹿吃植物的比例与它们的可获得性相似。越冬期间，生态位重叠增加，食物生态位宽度扩大。冬季主要重叠的是石楠、马蹄莲和越橘。然而，普通马鹿广泛而常见，杂草和可能的没药弧菌更有可能存在竞争：马鹿在夏季使用一些杂草物种可能会限制它们在冬季对公鹿的可获得性，因为它们仍然是一种重要的食物。考虑到这两个物种不同的消化特性，表明任何饮食竞争对马鹿的影响可能比对马鹿的影响更大。
Diets of red Cervus elaphus and roe Capreolus capreolus deer in Scottish plantation forests were assessed by botanical and chemical analyses of 144 rumen samples. Samples were taken for summer and winter from four forests with a range of deer densities and ratios. Red deer ate mainly grasses in summer, and a mixture of sedges, rushes, grasses and heaths (ericoid plants) in winter. Roe deer ate predominantly forbs (herbaceous plants other than graminoids) in summer, and a mixture of forbs, heaths and tree and shrub browse in winter. The two species ate significantly different quantities of forbs and grasses (P < 0.001). Both species ate more grasses and forbs in summer, and more heaths in winter (P < 0.05). There were few differences between forests for either red or roe deer in diet composition or its seasonal variation. Washed rumen contents of roe deer contained more nitrogen than did those of red deer (P < 0.05) in both seasons, and both species contained more nitrogen in summer than in winter (P < 0.05). Proportions of the main plant categories within rumens were compared with their abundance recorded in the ground flora. These comparisons showed roe deer to be highly selective, whilst red deer ate plants in proportions similar to their availability. Niche overlap increased and dietary niche breadths widened during the winter. The main overlap was for heaths Calluna vulgaris and Vaccinium myrtillus in winter. However, C. vulgaris is widespread and common and competition was considered to be more likely for forbs and possibly V. myrtillus: the use of some forb species by red deer in summer may limit their availability to roe deer in winter, when they remain an important dietary item. Consideration of the different digestive specializations of the two species suggested that any dietary competition is likely to affect roe deer more than red deer.