'Voila un siecle de lumieres!': Horace Walpole and the Hume-Rousseau affair
'Voila un siecle de lumieres!': Horace Walpole and the Hume-Rousseau affair
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“Voila un siecle de lumieres！”：霍勒斯·沃波尔和休谟-卢梭事件
DOI：
10.1080/01916599.2022.2102335
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
0.3
通讯作者：
Ryu Susato
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oya Sakae;Nakatsuma Teruo;Ryu Susato
在大卫·休谟的传记中，霍勒斯·沃尔波尔的名字作为一封假冒普鲁士国王身份的伪造信件的作者而被人们铭记。然而，在这封信中，沃尔波尔的蔑视不仅针对卢梭，也针对其他法国哲学家，甚至可能是休谟。沃波尔在自己和“学究和伪装的哲学家”之间划出了一条界线，尽管他有时会模糊两者之间的区别，因为他认为作家或“文学家”是“哲学家”的同义词。就在《简明报告》发表后，沃波尔在他的一封信中向休谟提出了他毕生对现代自命不凡的哲学家的质疑。沃尔波尔对法国哲学家的彻底蔑视在休谟看来是卢梭式的、反哲学的立场。在他的回答中，休谟试图倡导他的智力进步和道德修养的论点。与此同时，在大约同一时间写的另一封信中，休谟没有提到图尔戈对人类进步的乐观看法。沃尔波尔通过休谟-卢梭事件与哲学家之间保持的距离，给他对休谟和他的历史著作的评价投下了长长的阴影，并导致他们对弗卢米埃尔时代哲学家立场的不同评价。
In the biographies of David Hume, Horace Walpole’s name has been memorialised as the author of a forged letter assuming the identity of the King of Prussia. However, in the letter, Walpole’s scorn was directed against not only Rousseau, but also other Frenchphilosophesand, possibly, even Hume. Walpole drew a line between himself and the ‘pedants and pretended philosophers’, although he sometimes blurred the distinction between the two by considering an author or ‘man of letters’ synonymous with a ‘philosopher’. Walpole broached his lifelong stricture on modern pretentious philosophers to Hume in one of his letters, just after theConcise Accountwas published. Walpole’s thorough contempt for French philosophers appeared to Hume as a Rousseauian, anti-philosophical stance. In his reply, Hume attempted to advocate his thesis of intellectual improvement and moral cultivation. Meanwhile, in another letter written around the same time, Hume kept away from Turgot’s sanguine view of human progress. The distance that Walpole maintains between himself and the philosophers—through the Hume-Rousseau affair—casts a long shadow on his evaluations of Hume and his historical works, and leads to their differing assessments of the standpoint of philosophers in the age oflumières.