Out-of-Equilibrium Clock Model at the Verge of Criticality.
Out-of-Equilibrium Clock Model at the Verge of Criticality.
复制标题
处于临界边缘的不平衡时钟模型。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
8.6
通讯作者：
A. Imparato
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Marc Suñé;A. Imparato
我们考虑了一个由二维离散旋转体组成的非平衡晶格模型，该模型与不同温度下的热源接触。这种模型的平衡对应物，时钟模型，表现出三个阶段：低温有序相，准液相，高温无序相，有两个相应的相变。在非平衡模型中，空间对称性和热平衡的同时破缺导致自旋变量的定向旋转。在这种状态下，系统表现为将热流转化为运动的热机。为了量化的敏感性的机器的热力学力驱动它的平衡，我们介绍和研究的动态响应函数。我们表明，这样的热机的最佳操作制度发生时，在前两个阶段之间的边界处的临界温度附近施加的平衡扰动，即，系统最容易受到外部热力学力，并表现出更尖锐的过渡。因此，我们认为，相互作用的电机系统中的临界波动可以利用，以提高机器的整体动态和热力学性能。
We consider an out-of-equilibrium lattice model consisting of 2D discrete rotators, in contact with heat reservoirs at different temperatures. The equilibrium counterpart of such a model, the clock model, exhibits three phases: a low-temperature ordered phase, a quasiliquid phase, and a high-temperature disordered phase, with two corresponding phase transitions. In the out-of-equilibrium model the simultaneous breaking of spatial symmetry and thermal equilibrium gives rise to directed rotation of the spin variables. In this regime the system behaves as a thermal machine converting heat currents into motion. In order to quantify the susceptibility of the machine to the thermodynamic force driving it out of equilibrium, we introduce and study a dynamical response function. We show that the optimal operational regime for such a thermal machine occurs when the out-of-equilibrium disturbance is applied around the critical temperature at the boundary between the first two phases, namely, where the system is mostly susceptible to external thermodynamic forces and exhibits a sharper transition. We thus argue that critical fluctuations in a system of interacting motors can be exploited to enhance the machine overall dynamic and thermodynamic performances.