PACAP FUNCTIONS AS A NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR
PACAP FUNCTIONS AS A NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb19825.x
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发表时间：
1994-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
BRENNEMAN, DE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
ARIMURA, A;SOMOGYVARIVIGH, A;BRENNEMAN, DE
除了经典的神经营养因子外，神经递质和神经肽也具有神经营养活性。中枢神经系统（CNS）在神经元和非神经元细胞中含有多种神经肽。这些肽和它们的受体出现在早期发育阶段，通常瞬时表达在一个峰值水平，这表明可能的生理作用作为神经元的生长和分化的调节剂。许多神经肽的神经营养作用已被报道。特别是血管活性肠肽（vasoactive intestinal peptide，VIP）是成年大鼠交感神经系统中的一种节前神经递质，它对培养的交感神经母细胞的发育具有多种作用，包括刺激神经元的有丝分裂、存活和生长过程。VIP还能增加脊髓神经元在发育关键期的存活。垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活多肽（PACAP）是从绵羊下丘脑组织中首次分离到的，其作用是激活大鼠垂体细胞中的腺苷酸环化酶。从绵羊下丘脑中分离出两种形式的PACAP，一种具有38个残基（PACAP 38），另一种具有27个残基（PACAP 27）的截短形式PACAP是分泌素-胰高血糖素-VIP家族的新成员，与VIP有60%的序列同源性，但其在培养的垂体细胞中的腺苷酸环化酶刺激活性比免疫组化强1000倍
In addition to classical neurotrophic factors, neurotransmitters and neuropeptides also exhibit neurotrophic activities.'The central nervous system (CNS) contains a variety of neuropeptides in neurons and nonneuronal cells. These peptides and their receptors appear in early developmental stages, often transiently expressed at a peak level, suggesting a possible physiological role as modulators of growth and differentiation of neurons. Neurotrophic actions of a number of neuropeptides have been reported. In particular, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), which is a preganglionic neurotransmitter in the sympathetic nervous system of the adult rat,* was shown to exert multiple actions on developing sympathetic neuroblasts in culture, including stimulation of neuronal mitosis, survival, and process o~ tgrowth.~ VIP also increases the survival of cultured spinal cord neurons during a critical period of de~ elopment.~.~Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) was first isolated from ovine hypothalamic tissues during an attempt to isolate a novel hypophysiotropic hormone based on the ability to activate adenylate cyclase in rat pituitary cell cultures. Two forms of PACAP, one with 38 residues (PACAP38) and a truncated form with 27 residues (PACAP27), were isolated from the ovine hypothalamic PACAP is a new member of secretin-glucagon-VIP family with 60% sequence homology with VIP, but its adenylate cyclase stimulating activity in cultured pituitary cells is 1000 times greater than Immunohistochemical