Seismic vulnerability assessment and design of pipelines
Seismic vulnerability assessment and design of pipelines
复制标题
管道地震脆弱性评估与设计
DOI：
10.1002/j.1551-8833.2010.tb10111.x
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Ballantyne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Ballantyne
管道容易受到液化滑坡和断层运动引起的地震（地面运动）和永久地面变形（PGD）的影响。地震期间的管道性能取决于四个参数：坚固性、抗弯曲性、接头灵活性和接头约束。本文针对每个参数对管道材料进行了评级，以帮助公用事业公司选择适合作业的管道。在地震高发地区新建管道应采用连续或约束接头管道，包括焊接接头钢管、电熔接头高密度聚乙烯管或约束接头球墨铸铁管。这些指南适用于安装在合格土壤（即能够提供合格地基性能的土壤）和需进行 PGD 的土壤中的管道。建议对关键管道采取额外的缓解措施。在中等地震活动地区，具有分段接头的管道（例如球墨铸铁和聚氯乙烯）可用于合格土壤，但在受 PGD 影响的土壤中，应使用类似于高地震活动地区所使用的连续或约束接头管道。对于现有系统，仅考虑地震脆弱性，更换现有管道并不划算，除非管道对于维持系统运行至关重要。应长期更换易损管道，并根据地震易损性和其他资产管理参数确定优先顺序。短期内，系统所有者应重点关注系统控制和应急响应缓解方法。
Pipelines are vulnerable to earthquake shaking (ground motion) and permanent ground deformation (PGD) resulting from liquefaction landslide and fault movement. Pipe performance during an earthquake depends on four parameters: ruggedness, resistance to bending, joint flexibility, and joint restraint. Pipe materials are rated in this article for each of these parameters to help utilities select the appropriate pipe for the job. New pipelines installed in regions with high seismic activity should use continuous or restrained‐joint pipe, including steel pipe with welded joints, high‐density polyethylene pipe with fused joints, or ductile‐iron pipe with restrained joints. These guidelines are applicable to pipelines installed in both competent soils (i.e., those capable of providing competent foundation performance) and soils subject to PGD. Additional mitigation measures are recommended for critical pipelines. In regions with moderate seismic activity, pipe with segmented joints such as ductile iron and polyvinyl chloride, can be used in competent soils, but in soils subject to PGD continuous or restrained‐joint pipe similar to that used in areas of high seismicity should be used. For existing systems, replacement of existing pipe is not cost‐effective based on earthquake vulnerability alone, unless the pipe is critical for maintaining system operation. Vulnerable pipe should be replaced over the long‐term, with prioritization based on both seismic vulnerability and other asset management parameters. In the short‐term, system owners should focus on system control and emergency response mitigation approaches.