The joyful, yet balanced, amygdala: moderated responses to positive but not negative stimuli in trait happiness
The joyful, yet balanced, amygdala: moderated responses to positive but not negative stimuli in trait happiness
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DOI：
10.1093/scan/nst045
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Kirkland, Tabitha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cunningham, William A.;Kirkland, Tabitha
尽管人们对不适应情感风格的神经动力学已经了解很多，但快乐和幸福的机制却不太清楚。一种可能性是，特质快乐的神经过程与抑郁/焦虑的神经过程相反：“玫瑰色眼镜”使快乐的人专注于积极的线索，而对威胁视而不见。具体来说，因为消极的情感风格与对消极刺激的杏仁核激活增加有关，所以快乐的人可能不会表现出这种增强的反应，甚至可能表现出对消极刺激的杏仁核激活减少。另外，如果幸福需要对信息有适当的敏感性，快乐的人可能会处理任何相关的线索——积极的或消极的——以促进适当的反应。这意味着幸福感与杏仁核对积极和消极刺激的激活增加有关。42名参与者在功能性磁共振成像扫描中观看情感刺激。快乐的参与者对积极刺激表现出更大的杏仁核反应。此外，幸福感和对消极刺激的反应之间没有明显的关系。换句话说，对于快乐的人来说，转向积极并不是以失去对消极的敏感性为代价的。这项研究表明，幸福特质与杏仁核对积极和消极的平衡反应有关。
Although much is known about the neural dynamics of maladaptive affective styles, the mechanisms of happiness and well-being are less clear. One possibility is that the neural processes of trait happiness are the opposite of those involved in depression/anxiety: 'rose-colored glasses' cause happy people to focus on positive cues while remaining oblivious to threats. Specifically, because negative affective styles have been associated with increased amygdala activation to negative stimuli, it may be happy people will not show this enhanced response, and may even show reduced amygdala activation to negative stimuli. Alternatively, if well-being entails appropriate sensitivity to information, happy people may process any relevant cues-positive or negative-to facilitate appropriate responding. This would mean that happiness is associated with increased amygdala activation to both positive and negative stimuli. Forty-two participants viewed affective stimuli during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Happier participants showed greater amygdala responses to positive stimuli. Moreover, no significant relationships were found between happiness and responses to negative stimuli. In other words, for happy people, a tuning toward positive did not come at the cost of losing sensitivity to negativity. This work suggests that trait happiness is associated with a balanced amygdala response to positivity and negativity.