Cooperation versus competition in a mass emergency evacuation: A new laboratory simulation and a new theoretical model
Cooperation versus competition in a mass emergency evacuation: A new laboratory simulation and a new theoretical model
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DOI：
10.3758/brm.41.3.957
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发表时间：
2009-08-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Langston, Paul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Drury, John;Cocking, Chris;Langston, Paul
虚拟现实技术被认为是适合于大规模疏散行为的仿真研究，因为在研究这一领域的实际和道德的限制。本文描述了三项研究，其中使用了一种新的虚拟现实范式，参与者必须从燃烧的地下火车站逃离。研究I是在一个浸入式实验室中进行的，并证明了在人群中的集体认同是由紧急情况本身所体现的（共享）威胁所增强的。在第二项研究中，高认同感的参与者比低认同感的参与者更乐于助人，推动力更少。在研究3中，识别和组的大小进行了实验操作，并获得了类似的结果。这些结果支持了一个假设，根据该（紧急）集体身份激励团结与陌生人。它的结论是，这里开发的虚拟现实技术是一个很有前途的开始，虽然可以做更多的工作，将其嵌入到传统的心理学实验室设置。
Virtual reality technology is argued to be suitable to the simulation study of mass evacuation behavior, because of the practical and ethical constraints in researching this field. This article describes three studies in which a new virtual reality paradigm was used, in which participants had to escape from a burning underground rail station. Study I was carried out in an immersion laboratory and demonstrated that collective identification in the crowd was enhanced by the (shared) threat embodied in emergency itself. In Study 2, high-identification participants were more helpful and pushed less than did low-identification participants. In Study 3, identification and group size were experimentally manipulated, and similar results were obtained. These results support a hypothesis according to which (emergent) collective identity motivates solidarity with strangers. It is concluded that the virtual reality technology developed here represents a promising start, although more can be done to embed it in a traditional psychology laboratory setting.