Geomagnetic storm of 29-31 October 2003: Geomagnetically induced currents and their relation to problems in the Swedish high-voltage power transmission system
Geomagnetic storm of 29-31 October 2003: Geomagnetically induced currents and their relation to problems in the Swedish high-voltage power transmission system
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DOI：
10.1029/2004sw000123
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发表时间：
2005-08-25
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Pirjola, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pulkkinen, A;Lindahl, S;Pirjola, R
2003年10月30日，一场持续的地磁超级风暴摧毁了瑞典南部部分高压输电系统。停电持续了一个小时，造成约5万名用户断电。这次事故可能是自1989年3月著名的魁北克大停电事件以来观测到的最严重的地磁感应电流（GIC）故障。“三相”风暴在芬诺斯坎地极光区产生了异常大的地磁活动。虽然研究中解决了GIC驱动因素的多样性，但在地球物理上，瑞典系统在风暴期间运行的问题归因于亚暴、风暴突然开始和电离层对流增强，所有这些都产生了能够驱动大型GIC的大型复杂地电场。根据与破坏有关的地电场特征的基本双重性质，提出了一种半确定性的方法来预测与失效有关的地磁活动，在这种方法中，平均总体活动补充了对失效地磁场波动幅度的统计估计。研究表明，瑞典高压输电系统中GIC相关故障的主要模式是由GIC产生的谐波畸变和保护继电器的过于敏感的操作引起的。2003年10月30日马尔默的停电是由系统的异常开关状态和对基频三次谐波具有高灵敏度的低定值剩余过流继电器跳闸引起的。
On 30 October 2003, an ongoing geomagnetic superstorm knocked down a part of the high- voltage power transmission system in southern Sweden. The blackout lasted for an hour and left about 50,000 customers without electricity. The incident was probably the most severe geomagnetically induced current ( GIC) failure observed since the well- known March 1989 Quebec blackout. The " three- phase'' storm produced exceptionally large geomagnetic activity at the Fennoscandian auroral region. Although the diversity of the GIC drivers is addressed in the study, the problems in operating the Swedish system during the storm are attributed geophysically to substorms, storm sudden commencement, and enhanced ionospheric convection, all of which created large and complex geoelectric fields capable of driving large GIC. On the basis of the basic twofold nature of the failure- related geoelectric field characteristics, a semideterministic approach for forecasting GIC- related geomagnetic activity in which average overall activity is supplemented with statistical estimations of the amplitudes of GIC fluctuations is suggested. The study revealed that the primary mode of GIC- related failures in the Swedish high- voltage power transmission system were via harmonic distortions produced by GIC combined with too sensitive operation of the protective relays. The outage in Malmo " on 30 October 2003 was caused by a combination of an abnormal switching state of the system and tripping of a low- set residual overcurrent relay that had a high sensitivity for the third harmonic of the fundamental frequency.