Circadian Tick-Talking Across the Neuroendocrine System and Suprachiasmatic Nuclei Circuits: The Enigmatic Communication Between the Molecular and Electrical Membrane Clocks.
Circadian Tick-Talking Across the Neuroendocrine System and Suprachiasmatic Nuclei Circuits: The Enigmatic Communication Between the Molecular and Electrical Membrane Clocks.
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DOI：
10.1111/jne.12279
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发表时间：
2015-07
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Belle MD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Belle MD
与自然界的许多过程一样，生物系统中的适当时机至关重要。在神经内分泌系统中，激素对主要身体功能（例如生殖、新陈代谢和生长）的影响取决于大脑许多稳态系统内部和之间的及时沟通。这些回路的活动通过主生物钟与动物的内部生理需求和外部太阳周期紧密协调。在哺乳动物中，这个主时钟位于下丘脑视交叉上核 (SCN)，其中数千个时钟神经元的整体活动生成昼夜节律时间线索并将其传递给大脑和身体的其他部分。大脑的许多区域，包括具有神经内分泌功能的区域，也包含可以向 SCN 提供反馈信号的本地日常时钟。尽管人们对 SCN 神经元以及 SCN 外细胞内源性昼夜节律生成的分子过程了解甚多，但与分子发条装置合作以在大脑中传达昼夜节律的电膜时钟却知之甚少。本综述重点关注生殖神经内分泌学的一些昼夜节律方面以及视交叉上核中昼夜节律通讯所涉及的过程，旨在确定我们对日常主时钟和神经内分泌功能之间的相互作用的认识中的关键差距。目的是强调我们对它们的相互作用的理解非常有限，希望这能刺激这些领域的未来工作。
As with many processes in nature, appropriate timing in biological systems is of paramount importance. In the neuroendocrine system, the efficacy of hormonal influence on major bodily functions, such as reproduction, metabolism and growth, relies on timely communication within and across many of the brain's homeostatic systems. The activity of these circuits is tightly orchestrated with the animal's internal physiological demands and external solar cycle by a master circadian clock. In mammals, this master clock is located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), where the ensemble activity of thousands of clock neurones generates and communicates circadian time cues to the rest of the brain and body. Many regions of the brain, including areas with neuroendocrine function, also contain local daily clocks that can provide feedback signals to the SCN. Although much is known about the molecular processes underpinning endogenous circadian rhythm generation in SCN neurones and, to a lesser extent, extra‐SCN cells, the electrical membrane clock that acts in partnership with the molecular clockwork to communicate circadian timing across the brain is poorly understood. The present review focuses on some circadian aspects of reproductive neuroendocrinology and processes involved in circadian rhythm communication in the SCN, aiming to identify key gaps in our knowledge of cross‐talk between our daily master clock and neuroendocrine function. The intention is to highlight our surprisingly limited understanding of their interaction in the hope that this will stimulate future work in these areas.