Perchlorate exposure and dose estimates in infants.
Perchlorate exposure and dose estimates in infants.
复制标题
婴儿高氯酸盐暴露和剂量估计。
DOI：
10.1021/es103160j
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Rogan,WalterJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Valentín-Blasini,Liza;Blount,BenjaminC;Otero-Santos,Samaret;Cao,Yang;Bernbaum,JudyC;Rogan,WalterJ
高氯酸盐是一种天然存在的无机阴离子，用作固体火箭燃料、炸药和烟火的成分。足够高的高氯酸盐摄入可通过竞争性抑制成人碘的摄取来改变甲状腺功能；然而，关于高氯酸盐暴露及其对婴儿健康的影响所知甚少。食物摄入模型预测婴儿比成人有更高的高氯酸盐暴露剂量。因此，我们测量了92名年龄在1 - 377天的婴儿206份尿液样本中的高氯酸盐和相关阴离子（硝酸盐、硫氰酸盐和碘化物），并计算了该婴儿样本的高氯酸盐摄入剂量。该婴儿样本的中位估计暴露剂量为0.160 μg/kg/天。205例个体剂量估计中，9%超过了0.7 μg/kg/天的参考剂量；提供多个样本的婴儿中，6%的婴儿的高氯酸盐剂量估计值高于参考剂量。估计的暴露剂量因喂养方式不同而不同：母乳喂养的婴儿高氯酸盐暴露剂量（几何平均0.220 μg/kg/天）高于食用牛奶配方奶粉（几何平均0.103 μg/kg/天，p< 0.0001）或大豆配方奶粉（几何平均0.027 μg/kg/天，p< 0.0001）的婴儿，这与基于膳食摄入数据的剂量估计一致。高氯酸盐阻断甲状腺碘摄取的能力可能因所研究婴儿的碘充足状态（尿碘中位数为125 μg/L）而降低。需要进一步的研究来确定这些高氯酸盐摄入剂量是否会对健康产生任何影响。
Perchlorate is a naturally occurring inorganic anion used as a component of solid rocket fuel, explosives, and pyrotechnics. Sufficiently high perchlorate intakes can modify thyroid function by competitively inhibiting iodide uptake in adults; however, little is known about perchlorate exposure and health effects in infants. Food intake models predict that infants have higher perchlorate exposure doses than adults. For this reason, we measured perchlorate and related anions (nitrate, thiocyanate, and iodide) in 206 urine samples from 92 infants ages 1−377 days and calculated perchlorate intake dose for this sample of infants. The median estimated exposure dose for this sample of infants was 0.160 μg/kg/day. Of the 205 individual dose estimates, 9% exceeded the reference dose of 0.7 μg/kg/day; 6% of infants providing multiple samples had multiple perchlorate dose estimates above the reference dose. Estimated exposure dose differed by feeding method: breast-fed infants had a higher perchlorate exposure dose (geometric mean 0.220 μg/kg/day) than infants consuming cow milk-based formula (geometric mean 0.103 μg/kg/day,p< 0.0001) or soy-based formula (geometric mean 0.027 μg/kg/day,p< 0.0001), consistent with dose estimates based on dietary intake data. The ability of perchlorate to block adequate iodide uptake by the thyroid may have been reduced by the iodine-sufficient status of the infants studied (median urinary iodide 125 μg/L). Further research is needed to see whether these perchlorate intake doses lead to any health effects.