Bubble Formation and Modification in the Sea and its Meteorological Significance
Bubble Formation and Modification in the Sea and its Meteorological Significance
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DOI：
10.3402/tellusa.v9i2.9094
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发表时间：
1957-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Blanchard;A. H. Woodcock
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Blanchard;A. H. Woodcock
据认为，绝大多数的空气中的盐核产生于空气-海水界面处的气泡破裂。研究了产生这些气泡的四种自然机制。这些是白浪、雨、雪和由于春季变暖而导致的海洋表面沃茨的过饱和。测量了白浪和雪花的气泡谱，并对雨滴产生的气泡谱进行了半定量和定性的观察。没有证据表明春季变暖会产生泡沫。所有的测量结果都表明，大多数气泡的直径小于200微米，在雪花气泡的情况下，小于50微米。在破碎波附近，气泡产生速率约为30 cm-2 sec-1。由于表面张力在增加气泡内部压力方面的作用，即使在102%的海水空气饱和度下，所有小于300微米的气泡也将进入溶液。小于20微米的气泡将在高达115%的饱和度下进入溶液！约10微米的小气泡的溶解时间约为10秒，并且不受水饱和度百分比的显著影响。结果表明，在一定条件下，气泡在海水中溶解速率的影响对气泡初始谱的修正起着重要作用。这反过来又会影响空气中原子核的光谱。DOI：10.1111/j.2153-3490.1957.tb01867.x
It is believed that the vast majority of the airborne salt nuclei arise from bursting bubbles at the air—sea water interface. Four natural mechanisms for the production of these bubbles have been studied. These are whitecaps, rain, snow and supersaturation of the surface waters of the sea due to spring warming. The bubble spectra from whitecaps and snowflakes have been measured and semi-quantitative and qualitative observations have been made on the bubble spectrum produced by raindrops. No evidence of bubble production by spring warming has been obtained. All of the measurements show that a majority of the bubbles are < 200 microns diameter and, in the case of bubbles from snowflakes, < 50 microns. In the vicinity of a breaking wave the bubble production rate is about 30 cm −2 sec −1 . Due to the effects of surface tension in increasing the bubble internal pressure all bubbles < 300 microns will go into solution even at sea water air saturations of 102 percent. Bubbles < 20 microns will go into solution at saturations up to 115 percent! The solution time for small bubbles of about 10 microns is about 10 sec and is not markedly affected by the water saturation percentage. It is concluded that the effects of the rate of solution of bubbles in sea water can, under some conditions, play a significant role in modifying the initial bubble spectrum. This, in turn, should influence the spectrum of airborne nuclei. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1957.tb01867.x