Climatic variation in forage grasses. I. Leaf development in climatic races of Lolium and Dactylis
Climatic variation in forage grasses. I. Leaf development in climatic races of Lolium and Dactylis
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DOI：
10.2307/2401588
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发表时间：
1964-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
COOPER, J. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
COOPER, J. P.
调查了10个多年生黑麦草和7个鸭茅地方居群的叶展开格局，覆盖了大西洋沿岸地中海地区到欧洲北部和中部的气候范围。这些种群全年间歇地在没有供暖的温室里播种，并在生长室的一定温度范围内播种。记录每个处理的单株叶面积膨胀率，并对其进行叶长、叶宽和出叶率的分析。季节性播种表明，冬季从地中海地区、大西洋沿岸到北欧和斯堪的纳维亚半岛的叶片相对展开速度有规律的跃层，与发源地的冬季温度有关。在生长室的实验中，在25[度]/12[度]℃时，所有居群的叶表面展开最快，但在10度和5[度]℃时，地中海居群的叶展开最快，北部居群最小，海洋材料居中。低温下叶片展开速率与抗寒性呈极显著负相关。在温室中5℃温度下种群的相对表现与其越冬表现高度相关，表明品种间叶片展开速率的差异主要取决于温度，在可控环境中可以有效地筛选种群的冬季生长。从细胞分裂和伸长速率的角度讨论了这些差异的发育基础，并认为这些气候小种之间的基本差异不在于光合作用活性的差异，而在于同化物在新叶表面展开过程中使用的差异。这些结果强调了地中海种群作为西欧海洋冬季生产源的价值，但这种材料在育种计划中的有效利用受到冬季生长和冬季抗寒性之间的反向关联的限制。提出了克服这种不良相关性的可能方法。|摘要作者：作者
A survey has been made of the pattern of leaf expansion in 10 local populations of Lolium perenne and 7 of Dactylis glomerata covering the climatic range from the Mediterranean region along the maritime Atlantic coast to northern and central Eruope. The populations were sown in an unheated glasshouse at intervals throughout the year and at a range of controlled temperatures in growth rooms. For each treatment the rate of expansion of leaf surface per tiller was recorded, and analysed into leaf length, leaf width and rate of leaf appearance. The seasonal sowings revealed a regular cline in relative rate of leaf expansion in the winter from the Mediterranean region, along the Atlantic coast to north Europe and Scandinavia, associated with the winter temperatures of the places of origin. In the experiments in growth rooms the leaf surface expanded most rapidly in all populations at 25[degree]/12[degree] C, but at 10[degree] and even more at 5[degree] C leaf expansion was most rapid in the Mediterranean populations, least in the northern, and intermediate in the maritime material. There is a strong negative correlation between the rate of leaf expansion at low temperature and cold hardiness. The relative performance of populations at 5[degree] C in the growth rooms was highly correlated with their performance in the winter in the glasshouse, indicating that the differences between varieties in rate of leaf expansion are determined mainly by temperature, and that populations can be effectively screened for winter growth in controlled environments. The developmental bases of these differences are discussed in terms of rates of cell division and extension, and it is suggested that the basic difference between these climatic races lies not in any difference in photosynthetic activity, but in differences in the use of assimilates in the expansion of new leaf surface. These results emphasize the value of Mediterranean populations as a source of winter production in maritime western Europe, but the effective use of this material in a breeding program is limited by the inverse association between winter growth and winter hardiness. Possible ways of overcoming this undesirable correlation are suggested. || ABSTRACT AUTHORS: Author