The mechanics of seismic faulting: Recent advances and open issues
The mechanics of seismic faulting: Recent advances and open issues
复制标题
DOI：
10.1393/ncr/i2014-10099-0
复制
发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Bizzarri, A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bizzarri, A.
20 世纪 60 年代初期，断裂力学主要关注拉伸裂纹（在工程问题中具有突出的重要性），后来转向剪切裂纹、反平面裂纹。由于这些研究涉及没有摩擦的单一问题，因此它们对地震事件的适用性极其有限。继 60 年代末 Kostrov 的开创性论文和 70 年代 Aki、Burridge、Andrews、Das、Ida、Madariaga 等人的相关贡献之后，更精细的、现实的和物理约束的断层模型被提出，并得到进一步集中使用和改进。辅以断裂（首先由 Ohnaka 开创，后来由 Rosakis）和摩擦（由 Dieterich、Ruina 以及最近由 Shimamoto 开创）实验室实验的证据，数值和理论模型极大地改进了对自然断层结构中发生的化学和物理、潜在竞争、能量耗散过程的理解。尽管取得了这些重大进展，但一些悬而未决的问题仍然悬而未决，许多重要的想法仍未得到充分探索。将震源物理与同震情景以及最终与地震灾害评估联系起来的相关挑战可以在结合理论、数值模型、数据分析、地质观测和实验室实验的多学科方法框架内成功解决。
In the early '60s the fracture mechanics was mainly focused on tensile cracks (of prominent importance in engineering problems) and later on shear, antiplane cracks. Since these studies consisted in singular problems without friction, their applicability to earthquake events was extremely limited. After the seminal papers by Kostrov in the late '60s and the relevant contributions of Aki, Burridge, Andrews, Das, Ida, Madariaga and others in '70s, more elaborated, realistic and physically constrained fault models have been proposed and further intensively used and improved. Complemented by the evidence from laboratory experiments on fracture (first pioneered by Ohnaka and later by Rosakis) and friction (pioneered by Dieterich, Ruina and more recently by Shimamoto), numerical and theoretical models provide substantial improvements in the understanding of the chemical and physical, potentially competing, energy-dissipating processes occurring in the natural fault structures. In spite of these significant advances, some open issues still hover and many important ideas remain unexplored fully. Relevant challenges to relate the physics of the seismic source to the coseismic scenarios and ultimately to the seismic hazard assessment could be successfully handled in the framework of a multidisciplinary approach, which combines theory, numerical models, data analysis, geological observations and laboratory experiments.