An Expanded Batch-to-Batch Correction for IAPSO Standard Seawater
An Expanded Batch-to-Batch Correction for IAPSO Standard Seawater
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DOI：
10.1175/jtech-d-19-0184.1
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发表时间：
2020-08-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Tanihara, Sonoka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Uchida, Hiroshi;Kawano, Takeshi;Tanihara, Sonoka
我们通过使用盐度计的相互比较测量，扩展了国际海洋物理科学协会（IAPSO）标准海水（SSW）批次P145-P163的批次间偏移。根据我们的结果，我们建议使用校正因子而不是偏移量来校正批次间的差异，特别是对于30-40 g kg（-1）范围之外的盐度数据。通过将扩展的批次间校正因子应用于在北太平洋西北部收集的时间序列盐度数据，我们对它们进行了评估，发现它们对于检测北太平洋深层最近的淡水化（-0.6 +/-0.1 X 10（-3）g kg（-1）decade（-1））是有效的，这可能与南极底层水形成速率的降低有关。我们还通过应用批间校正因子评价了SSW线性包。从十年电阻替代估计的盐度计的线性误差与线性包测量的结果是一致的。为了校正盐度计的线性误差，使用十进电阻替代物比线性包测量值估计的更详细的分布可能是合适的。由于批次间差异较大的原因尚不清楚，可能需要一种比SSW更可靠和更稳定的参考海水，以建立盐度测量的高水平国际可比性;目前正在开发的多参数标准海水（MSSW）可能是这种参考海水的候选者，因为无论是在实际盐度还是绝对盐度上，MSSW都比SSW更稳定。
We expanded the batch-to-batch offsets of The International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO) Standard Seawater (SSW) batches P145-P163 by intercomparison measurements using salinometers. On the basis of our results, we recommend using the correction factors instead of the offsets to correct the batch-to-batch differences, especially for salinity data outside the range of 30-40 g kg(-1). We evaluated the expanded batch-to-batch correction factors by applying them to time series salinity data collected in the northwestern North Pacific Ocean and found that they are effective for detecting recent freshening (-0.6 +/- 0.1 X 10(-3) g kg(-1 )decade(-1)) in the deep North Pacific, which might be related to a reduction of the formation rate of Antarctic Bottom Water. We also evaluated the SSW linearity pack by applying the batchto-batch correction factors. Linearity errors of the salinometers estimated from decade resistance substituters were consistent with the results of the linearity pack measurements. To correct the linearity errors of a salinometer, it might be suitable to use the more detailed distribution of those estimated from the decade resistance substituter than the linearity pack measurements. Since the cause of large batch-to-batch differences is still unclear, a reference seawater that is more robust and stable than SSW might be necessary to establish a high-level of international comparability of salinity measurements; the Multiparametric Standard Seawater (MSSW) currently under development might be a candidate for such reference seawater, because MSSW is expected to be more stable than SSW not only in practical salinity but also in absolute salinity.