Decoding patterns of human brain activity.

Decoding patterns of human brain activity.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100412
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发表时间:
2012
影响因子:
24.8
通讯作者:
Pratte MS
Pratte MS
中科院分区:
心理学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tong F;Pratte MS

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关于精神状态的大量信息可以从人类大脑活动的非侵入性测量中解码。对大脑活动模式的分析可以揭示一个人看到、感知、关注或记忆的内容。此外,多维模型可以用来研究大脑如何编码复杂的视觉场景或抽象的语义信息。这种“脑阅读”或“心阅读”的壮举虽然令人印象深刻,但也提出了重要的概念、方法和伦理问题。成功的解码揭示了大脑区域执行的认知功能的什么?大脑信号应该如何在空间上进行选择和数学组合,以确保解码反映的是大脑的固有计算,而不是解码器执行的计算?我们将重点介绍最近的进展,并描述多体素模式分析(MVPA)如何提供一个窗口,以前所未有的特异性,当仔细应用到大脑的关系。然而,随着读脑技术的进步,神经伦理学和心理隐私问题将成为重要的考虑因素。
Considerable information about mental states can be decoded from non-invasive measures of human brain activity. Analyses of brain activity patterns can reveal what a person is seeing, perceiving, attending to, or remembering. Moreover, multidimensional models can be used to investigate how the brain encodes complex visual scenes or abstract semantic information. Such feats of “brain reading” or “mind reading”, though impressive, raise important conceptual, methodological, and ethical issues. What does successful decoding reveal about the cognitive functions performed by a brain region? How should brain signals be spatially selected and mathematically combined, to ensure that decoding reflects inherent computations of the brain rather than those performed by the decoder? We will highlight recent advances and describe how multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) can provide a window into mind-brain relationships with unprecedented specificity, when carefully applied. However, as brain-reading technology advances, issues of neuroethics and mental privacy will be important to consider.
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