OVIPOSITION BY AFRICAN MALARIA VECTOR MOSQUITOS .2. EFFECTS OF SITE TONE, WATER TYPE AND CONSPECIFIC IMMATURES ON TARGET SELECTION BY FRESH-WATER ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE GILES, SENSU-LATO
OVIPOSITION BY AFRICAN MALARIA VECTOR MOSQUITOS .2. EFFECTS OF SITE TONE, WATER TYPE AND CONSPECIFIC IMMATURES ON TARGET SELECTION BY FRESH-WATER ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE GILES, SENSU-LATO
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DOI：
10.1080/00034983.1984.11811821
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发表时间：
1984-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
MCCRAE, AWR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
MCCRAE, AWR
冈比亚按蚊的雌虫其中大部分可能是冈比亚按蚊。它们从肯尼亚沿海的房屋中收集，并在实验室的大型笼子里用培养皿测试它们的产卵偏好，光线相当于微弱的月光。在黑色的水中过夜的卵明显多于在浅色调的水中产下的卵。这一差异随着与周围地板反差的增加而增加。直接观察显示，在白色目标上方，雌蜂以固定的姿势产卵；在黑色目标上方，它们从飞行中产卵。此行为对目标暗度(色调)的影响超过笼子大小或目标大小的影响。在在海水中产生的鸡蛋明显少于在自来水中产生的鸡蛋的测试中，当笼底是黑色或白色时，没有检测到显著的差异，尽管如果进行了更多的测试，黑色地板可能会导致对海水的更大歧视。所有进一步的测试都是在黑色笼子地板上进行的。来自自然开发场地的浑浊水比蒸馏水、自来水或沼泽水获得更多的鸡蛋，尽管浑浊的水看起来比其他水更苍白。雌虫不区分饲养水和自来水，也不区分自来水有无蛹，但幼虫的存在是令人厌恶的。因此，来自开发地点的浑浊的水似乎具有一种阻滞性，它凌驾于有利于较暗目标的选择，而不是来自于先前存在的同种未成熟物。对冈比亚按蚊来说，固定姿势的产卵是对次优刺激的反应，这可能表明在自然界中不会发生产卵的条件，因此，为什么过去使用白色靶标的笼子实验产生了令人困惑的结果。
Females of A. gambiae s.l. most of which would have been A. gambiae s.s. were collected from houses in coastal Kenya and tested for their oviposition preferences using Petri dishes in large laboratory cages with lighting equivalent to weak moonlight. Significantly more eggs were laid overnight in water over black than over paler tones. This difference increased as contrast with the surrounding floor was increased. Direct observation showed that over white targets, females oviposited from a settled posture; over black targets they did so from flight. The influence of this behavior on target darkness (tone) overrode that of cage size or target size. In tests which yielded markedly fewer eggs in sea water than in tap water, no significant difference was detected when cage floors were either black or white, although a black floor might have resulted in significantly greater discrimination against sea water had more tests been conducted. All further testing was done over black cage floors. Turbid water from a natural development site received more eggs than distilled, tap or swamp water, even though the turbid water appeared paler than the others. The females did not discriminate between rearing water and tap water, or tap water with and without pupae, but the presence of larvae was repellent. Turbid water from a development site thus seemed to possess an arrestant property which overrode selection favoring darker targets and which was not derived from prior presence of conspecific immatures. For A. gambiae, oviposition from a settled posture is a response to sub-optimal stimuli, possibly indicating conditions under which oviposition would not occur in nature, and hence why cage experiments using white targets have in the past yielded confusing results.