Ecological fitting by phenotypically flexible genotypes: implications for species associations, community assembly and evolution
Ecological fitting by phenotypically flexible genotypes: implications for species associations, community assembly and evolution
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01237.x
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发表时间：
2008-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Klemens, Jeffrey A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Agosta, Salvatore J.;Klemens, Jeffrey A.
生态适应是生物体在新的环境中殖民和坚持的过程，使用新的资源或与其他物种形成新的联系，这是由于它们遇到新条件时所携带的一套特征。本文有四个主要目的。首先，我们回顾了生态适应的原始概念，并将其与外适应的概念和目前关于表型可塑性在进化中的积极作用的观点联系起来。其次，我们提出表型可塑性，相关性状进化和系统发育保守性作为生态拟合背后的具体机制。第三，我们试图通过提供明确的术语定义来操作生态拟合的概念。从这些定义，我们提出了一个简单的概念模型的生态拟合。使用这个模型，我们展示了生态拟合和生态资源跟踪之间的差异和相似之处，并说明了在物种殖民新的领域，并与其他物种形成新的协会的背景下的过程。最后，我们讨论了生态拟合如何既可以是进化多样性的前兆，也可以是进化停滞的维持者，这取决于条件。我们的结论是，生态拟合是一个重要的概念，了解主题，从组装的生态群落和物种协会，生物入侵，生物多样性的演变。
Ecological fitting is the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition. This paper has four major aims. First, we review the original concept of ecological fitting and relate it to the concept of exaptation and current ideas on the positive role of phenotypic plasticity in evolution. Second, we propose phenotypic plasticity, correlated trait evolution and phylogenetic conservatism as specific mechanisms behind ecological fitting. Third, we attempt to operationalize the concept of ecological fitting by providing explicit definitions for terms. From these definitions, we propose a simple conceptual model of ecological fitting. Using this model, we demonstrate the differences and similarities between ecological fitting and ecological resource tracking and illustrate the process in the context of species colonizing new areas and forming novel associations with other species. Finally, we discuss how ecological fitting can be both a precursor to evolutionary diversity or maintainer of evolutionary stasis, depending on conditions. We conclude that ecological fitting is an important concept for understanding topics ranging from the assembly of ecological communities and species associations, to biological invasions, to the evolution of biodiversity.