Trade Rules, Intellectual Property, and the Right to Health
Trade Rules, Intellectual Property, and the Right to Health
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贸易规则、知识产权和健康权
DOI：
10.1111/j.1747-7093.2007.000103.x
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
L. Forman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Forman
现行的与贸易有关的药品知识产权规则使基本药品的获取受到限制并使之恶化，可能会侵犯核心的健康和药品人权。有鉴于此，它们对全球疾病负担的影响提出了关于它们的必要性的严重问题，应从人权标准的角度严格评估它们的合理性。这些标准要求有关药品的国际贸易规则应尽可能合理，并且只有在合理的程度上才被允许。在这篇文章中，我将探讨贸易规则对药品获取的影响，以及日益增长的健康权人权。我认为，贫穷国家强有力的专利理由有限，表明有必要对与贸易相关的知识产权进行重大改革。我还认为，人权标准可以为实现这一改革和在各个层面挑战药品贸易规则提供规范性和实用性的工具。
In perpetuating and exacerbating restricted access to essential medicines, current trade-related intellectual property rules on medicines may violate core human rights to health and medicines. In this light, their impact on the global disease burden raises serious questions about their necessity, and their justification should be critically assessed from the perspective of human rights standards. These standards require that international trade rules on medicines be justified to the fullest extent possible, and permitted only to the extent to which they can be justified. In this article I explore the impact of trade rules on medicines access, and the growing force of the human right to health. I argue that the limited justification for strong patents in poor countries suggests the need for significant reform of trade-related intellectual property rights. I argue further that human rights standards may offer both normative and practical tools for achieving this reform and for challenging trade rules on medicines at various levels.