Adaptation, adaptive capacity and vulnerability
Adaptation, adaptive capacity and vulnerability
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.03.008
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发表时间：
2006-08-01
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Wandel, Johanna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smit, Barry;Wandel, Johanna
本文在适应能力和脆弱性的背景下，回顾了人类社会对全球变化，特别是气候变化的适应概念。它侧重于有助于在社区范围内实际实施适应措施的奖学金。在许多社会科学领域，适应被认为是对与环境危害和人类脆弱性或适应能力相互作用有关的风险的反应。在气候变化领域，为若干不同的目的进行了适应分析。影响评估假设进行调整，以估计调整和不调整的长期气候情景的损害。对具体适应备选办法的评估旨在确定首选措施。脆弱性指数力求提供国家、区域或社区的相对脆弱性分数。参与性脆弱性评估的主要目的是确定在社区中可行和实用的适应战略。适应分析与此目的的显着特点进行了概述，这种方法的共同点进行了说明。实际的适应举措往往侧重于已经存在问题的风险，气候与其他环境和社会压力一起考虑，适应措施大多被纳入或主流化到其他资源管理、备灾和可持续发展方案中。(c)2006爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
This paper reviews the concept of adaptation of human communities to global changes, especially climate change, in the context of adaptive capacity and vulnerability. It focuses on scholarship that contributes to practical implementation of adaptations at the community scale. In numerous social science fields, adaptations are considered as responses to risks associated with the interaction of environmental hazards and human vulnerability or adaptive capacity. In the climate change field, adaptation analyses have been undertaken for several distinct purposes. Impact assessments assume adaptations to estimate damages to longer term climate scenarios with and without adjustments. Evaluations of specified adaptation options aim to identify preferred measures. Vulnerability indices seek to provide relative vulnerability scores for countries, regions or communities. The main purpose of participatory vulnerability assessments is to identify adaptation strategies that are feasible and practical in communities. The distinctive features of adaptation analyses with this purpose are outlined, and common elements of this approach are described. Practical adaptation initiatives tend to focus on risks that are already problematic, climate is considered together with other environmental and social stresses, and adaptations are mostly integrated or mainstreamed into other resource management, disaster preparedness and sustainable development programs. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.