Microbial and microfaunal community structure in cropping systems with genetically modified plants
Microbial and microfaunal community structure in cropping systems with genetically modified plants
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pedobi.2007.04.002
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Krogh, Paul Henning
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Griffiths, Bryan S.;Caul, Sandra;Krogh, Paul Henning
对Foulum（丹麦）、Narbons（法国）和Varois（法国）种植转基因玉米的田间土壤中的线虫、原生动物和微生物群落结构进行了分析，转基因玉米表达了杀虫苏云金芽孢杆菌蛋白（Bt）或除草剂耐受性（HT），如本卷其他地方所述。这些分析反映在单一物种测试和围隔实验中，并与微型节肢动物，enchytraeids和蚯蚓的实地样本进行协调，以便进行交叉比较，并更好地了解在实地观察到的结果。在田间试验的前两年（2002年和2003年），Bt玉米的影响在这些农业系统中预期的正常变化范围内。2004年和2005年的抽样范围扩大到包括耕作的影响（即减少耕作与传统耕作）以及高温玉米的使用。耕作有重大影响，无论土壤类型（Varois或Foulum），减少耕作地块有更大的丰度的微型动物和不同的微生物群落结构（测量磷脂脂肪酸分析（PLFA）和社区一级的生理分析（CLPP））从传统的标题地块。草，作为一个对比种植系统，玉米，也有影响，无论土壤类型，并导致更大的微型动物丰度和改变微生物群落结构。在作物管理的差异，这对于Bt-玉米是消除用于控制欧洲玉米螟和HT-玉米的杀虫剂是除草剂配方的变化，只在单一的网站进行了测试。有差异的微生物群落结构（CLPP，但不是PLFA）和零星增加原生动物丰度下的Bt作物管理。HT-玉米种植系统，其中包括一个较短的时间，只有一个网站，从传统的系统，除了改变微生物群落结构（仅通过PLFA测量）在最后收获的变化不大。Bt性状的影响最小，2003年5月Foulum的变形虫较少，2004年5月Foulum的线虫较少，但2002年10月Varois的原生动物较多，2005年8月Foulum的微生物群落结构（PLFA）发生改变。这些都不是持久性的影响，不能从品种的影响区分。根据微型动物和微生物的实地评估，我们得出结论，有没有土壤生态后果，这些社区与使用Bt-或HT-玉米代替传统品种。其他土地管理办法，如耕作、作物类型和虫害管理制度，对土壤生物的影响要比种植的玉米类型大得多。(C)2007年，Elsevier GmbH。All rights reserved.
Soils from field sites at Foulum (DK), Narbons (FR) and Varois (FR) planted with genetically modified maize expressing either the insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis protein (Bt) or herbicide tolerance (HT), as described elsewhere in this volume, were analysed for nematodes, protozoa and microbial community structure. These analyses were mirrored in single-species testing and in mesocosm experiments, and were coordinated with field samples taken for microarthropods, enchytraeids and earthworms so allowing for cross-comparison and a better understanding of the results observed in the field. Over the first 2 years of the field experiments (in 2002 and 2003), the effect of Bt-maize was within the normal variation expected in these agricultural systems. Sampling in 2004 and 2005 was expanded to include the effects of tillage (i.e. reduced tillage versus conventional tillage) and also the use of HT-maize. Tillage had major effects regardless of soil type (Varois or Foulum), with reduced-tillage plots having a greater abundance of microfauna and a different microbial community structure (measured both by phospholipid fatty-acid analysis (PLFA) and by community-level physiological profiling (CLPP)) from conventionally titled plots. Grass, as a contrasting cropping system to maize, also had an effect regardless of soil type and resulted in greater microfaunal abundance and an altered microbial community structure. Differences in crop management, which for the Bt-maize was removal of the insecticide used to control European corn borer and for HT-maize was a change in herbicide formulation, were only tested at single sites. There were differences in microbial community structure (CLPP but not PLFA) and sporadic increases in protozoan abundance under the Bt-crop management. The HT-maize cropping system, which covered a shorter period and only one site, showed little change from the conventional system other than an altered microbial community structure (as measured by PLFA only) at the final harvest. The Bt-trait had a minimal impact, with fewer amoebae at Foulum in May 2003, fewer nematodes at Foulum in May 2004 but more protozoa at Varois in October 2002 and an altered microbial community structure (PLFA) at Foulum in August 2005. These were not persistent effects and could not be distinguished from varietal effects. Based on the field evaluations of microfauna and microorganisms, we conclude that there were no soil ecological consequences for these communities associated with the use of Bt- or HT-maize in place of conventional varieties. Other land management options, such as tillage, crop type and pest management regime, had significantly larger effects on the biology of the soil than the type of maize grown. (C) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.