Exercise-Related Changes of Networks in Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment Brain.
Exercise-Related Changes of Networks in Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment Brain.
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衰老和轻度认知障碍大脑中与运动相关的网络变化
DOI：
10.3389/fnagi.2016.00047
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Chen SD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang P;Fang R;Li BY;Chen SD
衰老和轻度认知障碍（MCI）伴随着认知功能的下降。同时，最常见的痴呆形式是阿尔茨海默病（AD），其特征是记忆力和其他智力能力的丧失，严重地给患者的日常生活带来困难。MCI是正常衰老和痴呆之间的过渡期，已用于早期发现新发痴呆。它转化为痴呆症的年发病率为5-15%，而正常衰老的年发病率为1%。MCI向AD转化率的小幅下降可能会显着降低痴呆的患病率。因此，在临床前阶段进行干预非常重要。由于目前还没有有效的药物治疗AD，非药物干预对于预防和治疗老龄化和MCI人群的认知功能下降至关重要。以往的研究发现，在老龄化和MCI人群中，一些认知脑网络被破坏，体育锻炼可以有效地修复这些脑网络的功能。了解运动相关机制对于设计有效的体育项目治疗/干预认知功能下降至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们提供了一个概述的神经影像学研究的体育锻炼在正常老化和MCI，以确定潜在的机制，目前的体育训练程序。包括功能磁共振成像、脑电图、脑磁图和正电子发射断层扫描对脑网络的研究。根据我们的综述，默认模式网络，额顶网络和额执行网络可能是三个最有价值的干预措施的效率评估指标。
Aging and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are accompanied by decline of cognitive functions. Meanwhile, the most common form of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is characterized by loss of memory and other intellectual abilities serious to make difficulties for patients in their daily life. MCI is a transition period between normal aging and dementia, which has been used for early detection of emerging dementia. It converts to dementia with an annual rate of 5–15% as compared to normal aging with 1% rate. Small decreases in the conversion rate of MCI to AD might significantly reduce the prevalence of dementia. Thus, it is important to intervene at the preclinical stage. Since there are still no effective drugs to treat AD, non-drug intervention is crucial for the prevention and treatment of cognitive decline in aging and MCI populations. Previous studies have found some cognitive brain networks disrupted in aging and MCI population, and physical exercise (PE) could effectively remediate the function of these brain networks. Understanding the exercise-related mechanisms is crucial to design efficient and effective PE programs for treatment/intervention of cognitive decline. In this review, we provide an overview of the neuroimaging studies on physical training in normal aging and MCI to identify the potential mechanisms underlying current physical training procedures. Studies of functional magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography and positron emission tomography on brain networks were all included. Based on our review, the default mode network, fronto-parietal network and fronto-executive network are probably the three most valuable targets for efficiency evaluation of interventions.