Mixotrophic protists and a new paradigm for marine ecology: where does plankton research go now?
Mixotrophic protists and a new paradigm for marine ecology: where does plankton research go now?
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DOI：
10.1093/plankt/fbz026
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发表时间：
2019-07-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Traboni, Claudia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Flynn, Kevin J.;Mitra, Aditee;Traboni, Claudia
许多原生浮游生物是混合营养生物，既有光养又有吞噬。它们在淡水和海洋生态中的作用已成为近几十年来浮游生物研究的一个主要发展特征。为了更好地帮助讨论，我们建议将这些生物命名为“混合浮游生物”，即“表达或有可能表达光养和吞噬的浮游原生生物”。术语“浮游植物”则指的是不能吞噬的光养生物。“原生动物浮游动物”描述的是不参与获得性光养的食性原生生物。由于混合浮游活动对浮游生物营养网概念基础的改变非常复杂，因此我们建议将重新编制的描述称为“混合浮游生物范例”。对调查和实地工作、实验室实验和模拟模型的修订的影响和机会进行了考虑。主要的挑战不仅是分类学和功能鉴定，以及测量单个细胞内潜在竞争过程的速度，而且是围绕假设不同有机体之间营养过程分离的传统范式建立的数十年的惯性。为了与混合浮游生物的光合作用和吞噬作用的协同性质保持一致，将需要一种综合的多学科方法来处理未来的任务。
Many protist plankton are mixotrophs, combining phototrophy and phagotrophy. Their role in freshwater and marine ecology has emerged as a major developing feature of plankton research over recent decades. To better aid discussions, we suggest these organisms are termed "mixoplankton", as "planktonic protist organisms that express, or have potential to express, phototrophy and phagotrophy". The term "phytoplankton" then describes phototrophic organisms incapable of phagotrophy. "Protozooplankton" describes phagotrophic protists that do not engage in acquired phototrophy. The complexity of the changes to the conceptual base of the plankton trophic web caused by inclusion of mixoplanktonic activities are such that we suggest that the restructured description is termed the "mixoplankton paradigm". Implications and opportunities for revision of survey and fieldwork, of laboratory experiments and of simulation modelling are considered. The main challenges are not only with taxonomic and functional identifications, and with measuring rates of potentially competing processes within single cells, but with decades of inertia built around the traditional paradigm that assumes a separation of trophic processes between different organisms. In keeping with the synergistic nature of cooperative photo- and phagotrophy in mixoplankton, a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach will be required to tackle the task ahead.