Blue-light-blocking Lenses in Eyeglasses: A Question of Timing.
Blue-light-blocking Lenses in Eyeglasses: A Question of Timing.
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DOI：
10.1097/opx.0000000000001866
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发表时间：
2022-03-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Tosini G
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作者：
Tosini G
生物钟控制着生活的许多方面，现在许多研究表明，这一重要生物系统的破坏会对人类健康造成严重后果。昼夜节律紊乱是2型糖尿病、心血管疾病、癌症、睡眠障碍和认知功能障碍发展的一个辅助因素。生物钟紊乱可能是由时钟基因中的一个基因突变引起的，或者，就像今天发生得更频繁的那样，可能是因为在白天或晚上的不寻常时间(例如，在工厂的夜班期间)或一周中不同日期的不同时间暴露在光线下(例如，社交时差)。光是我们身体用来使我们体内的生物钟与外部环境同步的最强大的信号。过去20年的研究表明，眼睛中一种复杂的感光系统，称为非成像视觉系统，通过一种名为视网膜下丘脑束的神经通路，将环境光信息传递到位于下丘脑的主生物钟。虽然经典的光感受器(即视杆细胞和视锥细胞)有助于昼夜节律系统的携带，但新发现的视网膜内的一类光感受器，本质上是光敏的视网膜神经节细胞(IpRGCs)，也是非成像视觉系统的重要组成部分。IpRGC含有光色素OPN4(黑色素)，在可见光光谱的蓝色范围(460至480 nm)内最敏感。2对啮齿动物的研究表明，ipRGCs不仅参与昼夜节律的调节，而且还参与视觉功能、情绪、学习和体温的调节。2最后，值得一提的是，ipRGC还调节啮齿动物以及人类和非人类灵长类动物的瞳孔光反射。2.
The circadian clock governs many aspects of life, and many studies have now shown that disruption of this important biological system has severe consequences for human health. Disruption of the circadian system is a cofactor in the development of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, sleep disorders, and cognitive dysfunctions. 1 Circadian disruption can be caused by a genetic mutation in one of the clock genes or, as is happening more frequently today, by exposure to light at unusual times of the day or night (eg, during the night shift at a factory) or at different times on different days of the week (ie, social jet lag).Light is the most powerful signal used by our bodies for synchronizing our internal circadian clocks with the external environment. Studies over the last 20 years have shown that a complex photoreceptive system in the eye called the non–image-forming visual system conveys environmental light information to the master circadian clock located in the hypothalamus via a neuronal pathway called the retinohypothalamic tract. Although classical (ie, rods and cones) photoreceptors contribute to the entrainment of the circadian system, a newly discovered class of photoreceptors within the retina, the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), is also an essential component of the non–image-forming visual system. The ipRGCs contain the photopigment OPN4 (melanopsin), which is maximally photosensitive in the blue range (460 to 480 nm) of the visible light spectrum. 2 Studies in rodents have shown that ipRGCs are involved not only in the regulation of circadian rhythms but also in the modulation of visual function, mood, learning, and body temperature. 2 Finally, it is worth mentioning that ipRGCs also regulate the pupillary light reflex in rodents and in humans and nonhuman primates. 2