Topological Phase Transitions and New Developments
Topological Phase Transitions and New Developments
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DOI：
10.1142/11016
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发表时间：
2018-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
L. Brink;M. Gunn;Jorge V José;J. Kosterlitz;K. K. Phua-K.
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文献类型：
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作者：
L. Brink;M. Gunn;Jorge V José;J. Kosterlitz;K. K. Phua-K.
从世纪开始，几何学和拓扑学就一直是物理学的一个魅力所在。一个主要的例子是爱因斯坦的引力几何理论。在1970年代初，拓扑学思想进入了凝聚态物理学领域。这些进步是由新的开创性思想驱动的，这些思想解决了实验与严格数学定理的标准解释之间的严重矛盾，从而导致了对物质的新奇异拓扑相的研究。超流体、超导体和晶体的二维薄膜中的拓扑缺陷驱动相变提供了对这些物理系统中存在的这些拓扑相的控制机制的深刻理解。此外，许多这些拓扑性质仍然“保护”免受混乱和拓扑失真扰动。这种对扰动的鲁棒性的可能应用的一个例子是在量子计算机中搜索编码信息，可能为容错量子计算提供平台。在过去的四十年里，拓扑相的发现引起了凝聚态物理学的极大兴趣。它也吸引了量子信息、量子材料和模拟、高能物理和弦理论研究人员的注意。这本独特的书包含了该领域一些最著名的名字写的文章，包括诺贝尔奖获得者约翰·迈克尔·科斯特里茨和豪尔赫·V·何塞教授。这些建议来自最近一次研讨会上主要专家的谈话和讨论。他们回顾以前的作品，以及解决当代发展中最紧迫和重要的问题，拓扑阶段和拓扑相变的各个方面。
Geometry and topology have been a fascination in physics since the start of the 20th century. A leading example is Einstein's geometrical theory of gravity. At the beginning of the 1970s, topological ideas entered areas of condensed matter physics. These advances were driven by new seminal ideas resolving a serious contradiction between experiment and the standard interpretation of a rigorous mathematical theorem which led to the study of new exotic topological phases of matter. Topological defect driven phase transitions in thin, two dimensional films of superfluids, superconductors and crystals have provided great insight into the mechanism governing these topological phases present in those physical systems. Moreover, many of these topological properties remain 'protected' against disorder and topological distortion perturbations. An example of possible applications of such robustness to perturbations is in the search for encoding information in quantum computers, potentially providing the platform for fault-tolerant quantum computations. In the past four decades, the discovery of topological phases engendered great interest in condensed matter physics. It also attracted the attention of researchers working on quantum information, quantum materials and simulations, high energy physics and string theory. This unique volume contains articles written by some of the most prominent names in the field, including Nobel Laureate John Michael Kosterlitz and Professor Jorge V Jose. They originate from talks and discussions by leading experts at a recent workshop. They review previous works as well as addressing contemporary developments in the most pressing and important issues on various aspects of topological phases and topological phase transitions.