BIODEGRADATION OF DEGRADABLE PLASTIC POLYETHYLENE BY PHANEROCHAETE AND STREPTOMYCES SPECIES
BIODEGRADATION OF DEGRADABLE PLASTIC POLYETHYLENE BY PHANEROCHAETE AND STREPTOMYCES SPECIES
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.57.3.678-685.1991
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发表时间：
1991-03-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
BAILEY, TB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
LEE, BT;POMETTO, AL;BAILEY, TB
在纯摇瓶培养研究中研究了木质素降解微生物攻击可降解塑料的能力。本研究中使用的可降解塑料是通过使用Archer-Daniels-米德兰POLYCLEAN母料商业生产的，并且含有助氧化剂和6%淀粉。已知的木质素降解菌Streptomyces viridosporus T7 A、S. badius 252和S. setonii 75 Vi 2和真菌黄孢原毛平革菌。通过将一片塑料放入70 ℃的干燥箱中在大气压和空气下放置0、4、8、12、16或20天来加速促氧化剂活性。还研究了2周、4周和8周365 nm长波紫外线照射对塑料生物降解性的影响。对于摇瓶培养物，将塑料化学消毒并在37 ℃下在链霉菌属的0.6%酵母提取物培养基（pH 7.1）中以125 rpm孵育-振荡。对于真菌，在3%麦芽提取物培养基（pH 4.5）中于30 ℃下培养沿着4周，每次处理均使用未接种的对照。由于细胞团蓄积，体重减轻数据不确定。对于几乎每一个70摄氏度的热处理的电影，链霉菌属。当与相应的未接种的对照相比时，证实了伸长率百分比和聚乙烯平均分子量的进一步降低。对于所有三种细菌的4天和8天热处理的膜，证明了显著（P < 0.05）降低。与黄孢原毛平革菌一起孵育的热处理膜始终表现出比相应的未接种对照更高的伸长率和分子量平均值，但低于相应的零对照（未孵育4周的热处理膜）。2和4周的紫外线处理的电影表现出最大的生物降解所有三种细菌。几乎没有观察到真菌的降解。据我们所知，这是第一份报告证明细菌降解这些氧化聚乙烯在纯培养。
The ability of lignin-degrading microorganisms to attack degradable plastics was investigated in pure shake flask culture studies. The degradable plastic used in this study was produced commercially by using the Archer-Daniels-Midland POLYCLEAN masterbatch and contained pro-oxidant and 6% starch. The known lignin-degrading bacteria Streptomyces viridosporus T7A, S. badius 252, and S. setonii 75Vi2 and fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium were used. Pro-oxidant activity was accelerated by placing a sheet of plastic into a drying oven at 70-degrees-C under atmospheric pressure and air for 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, or 20 days. The effect of 2-, 4-, and 8-week longwave UV irradiation at 365 nm on plastic biodegradability was also investigated. For shake flask cultures, plastics were chemically disinfected and incubated-shaken at 125 rpm at 37-degrees-C in 0.6% yeast extract medium (pH 7.1) for Streptomyces spp. and at 30-degrees-C for the fungus in 3% malt extract medium (pH 4.5) for 4 weeks along with an uninoculated control for each treatment. Weight loss data were inconclusive because of cell mass accumulation. For almost every 70-degrees-C heat-treated film, the Streptomyces spp. demonstrated a further reduction in percent elongation and polyethylene molecular weight average when compared with the corresponding uninoculated control. Significant (P < 0.05) reductions were demonstrated for the 4- and 8-day heat-treated films by all three bacteria. Heat-treated films incubated with P. chrysosporium consistently demonstrated higher percent elongation and molecular weight average than the corresponding uninoculated controls, but were lower than the corresponding zero controls (heat-treated films without 4-week incubation). The 2- and 4-week UV-treated films showed the greatest biodegradation by all three bacteria. Virtually no degradation by the fungus was observed. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating bacterial degradation of these oxidized polyethylenes in pure culture.