In the Name of Conservation: CAFE Practices and Fair Trade in Mexico
In the Name of Conservation: CAFE Practices and Fair Trade in Mexico
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以保护的名义：墨西哥的 CAFE 实践和公平贸易
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Renard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Renard
消费者对环境的关注导致了利基市场、质量认证和标签制度的建立。这些系统由活动家和非政府组织建立，被农业综合企业采用。这些公司试图抓住消费者，并对舆论运动作出反应，同时挪用保护（或“公平”）话语。这导致了基于私人标准的新形式的第三方食品生产认证的兴起，从而导致了生产者和购买者之间新形式的合同关系。这些关系的性质并不总是在这些新标签或为证明它们而建立的话语中显而易见。在南方生产的商品在北方交易和销售的情况下，尤其如此，星巴克的情况就说明了这一点。到1990年代末，星巴克通过一个名为保护国际（CI）的非政府组织来到恰帕斯州的El Triunfo地区，并与试图为其产品寻找市场的生产者合作社联系。CI通过推广星巴克标准来提高咖啡质量，并赢得了对生产系统的控制。与此同时，生产者被迫通过最大的贸易公司（AMSA）出售咖啡，合作社是针对该公司成立的，失去了对自己组织的控制。当一些合作社拒绝这笔交易时，他们遭受了分裂，但由于恰帕斯州的公平贸易（FT）网络，他们得以生存。
Consumers’ concerns for the environment have led to the creation of niche markets, quality certifications and labelling systems. Built by activists and NGOs, these systems were adopted by agribusiness. Such firms try to capture consumers and react to opinion campaigns, whilst appropriating the conservation (or ‘fair’) discourse. This leads to the rise of new forms of third-party certifications of food production based on private standards and, hence, to new forms of contract relations between producers and buyers. The nature of these relationships is not always evident in these new labels or in the discourse built to justify them. This is particularly so in the case of goods produced in the South to be traded and sold in the North, as the case of Starbucks illustrates. By the end of the 1990s, Starbucks, operating through an NGO called Conservation International (CI), arrived at the region of El Triunfo, in Chiapas, and contacted the producers’ cooperatives that were trying to find a market for their product. CI promoted Starbucks standards to raise the coffee quality and won the control over the production system. Meanwhile, the producers forced to sell their coffee through the largest trade company (AMSA) against whom the cooperatives were created, lost the control over their own organization. When some cooperatives refused the deal, they suffered divisions but could survive thanks the Fair Trade (FT) network in Chiapas.