Application of environmental isotope tracers to modeling in hydrology
Application of environmental isotope tracers to modeling in hydrology
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DOI：
10.1016/0022-1694(84)90206-3
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发表时间：
1984-02
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
T. Dinçer;G. Davis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Dinçer;G. Davis
核科学和计算机发展的进步使使用在天然水域中发现的环境同位素的化学运输模型变得可行。构成水分子一部分的氢的重同位素，氢(稳定的)和氚(放射性的)，是已知的最保守的水示踪剂。重而稳定的氧同位素18O在水循环中与重氢一起循环。氚沉降物具有系统的季节性和年度变化，由于其放射性衰变的性质，对于测定土壤水分和地下水的补给时间非常有用。14C由于其相对较长的半衰期5568年，对于追踪古老的地下水是有价值的，但为了成功地进行建模，需要详细了解系统的水化学。氢和18O具有主要价值，因为它们反映了降水凝结的温度。因此，它们表现出明显的季节变化，以及海拔、纬度、离海距离、降雨量、蒸发史和长周期气候周期的影响。环境同位素应用于水文模拟的主要领域是土壤水分传输、大型湖泊和沼泽的混合和蒸散模拟、冰川运动、地下水流动和地下水中污染物的传输。
Advances in nuclear science and computer development have made practicable chemical-transport models employing the environmental isotopes found in natural waters. The heavy isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium (stable) and tritium (radioactive), forming part of the water molecule, are the most conservative tracers of water known. The heavy stable oxygen isotope,18O, circulates in tandem with deuterium in the hydrologic cycle. Tritium fallout varies seasonally and annually in a systematic fashion, and due to its property of radioactive decay is highly useful for dating time of recharge of soil moisture and groundwater.14C is valuable for tracing old groundwater owing to its relatively long half-life of 5568 yr., but detailed knowledge of the hydrochemistry of the system is required for successful modeling. Deuterium and18O are of principal value because they reflect the temperature at which precipitation condensed. Thus, they show pronounced seasonal variability and also the effects of altitude, latitude, distance from the sea, amount of precipitation, history of evaporation, and long-period climatic cycles. Principal areas of application of environmental isotopes to hydrologic modeling have been in soil-moisture transport, modeling of mixing and evapotranspiration in large lakes and swamps, glacial-ice movement, groundwater flow, and transport of contaminants in groundwater.