Impact of the Spanish Smoking Law on Exposure to Secondhand Smoke in Offices and Hospitality Venues: Before-and-After Study
Impact of the Spanish Smoking Law on Exposure to Secondhand Smoke in Offices and Hospitality Venues: Before-and-After Study
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.11845
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发表时间：
2009-03-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Fernandez, Esteve
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nebot, Manel;Lopez, Maria J.;Fernandez, Esteve
背景/目的：西班牙议会于2005年12月通过了一项吸烟法，并于2006年1月1日开始实施。法律禁止在所有室内工作场所吸烟，但仅限于一些接待场所，因为业主可以设立吸烟区(场所100 1132)或不受限制地吸烟(场所100 m(2))。这项研究的目的是评估西班牙吸烟法对包括接待场所在内的封闭工作场所暴露于二手烟(SHS)的影响。材料和方法：研究设计为前后评估。我们研究了西班牙八个不同地区的工作场所和接待场所。我们对398个场所进行了重复采样，包括私人办公室(162个)、公共行政办公室(90个)、大学场所(43个)、酒吧和餐馆(79个)以及迪斯科舞厅和酒吧(24个)。结果：在随访期内，室内办公室的SHS水平明显下降。尼古丁浓度下降的中位数从公共场所的60.0%到私人场所的97.4%不等。无烟酒吧和餐馆的尼古丁浓度也显著降低(96.7%)，以及为吸烟者提供单独空间的场所的禁烟区(88.9%)。我们没有发现吸烟区或允许吸烟的场所，包括迪斯科舞厅和酒吧的显著变化。结论：总体而言，这项研究显示了该法律在减少室内工作场所SHS方面的积极影响。然而，只有在无烟的酒吧和餐馆，SHS才大幅减少。大多数酒店工作人员继续暴露在非常高的SHS水平下。因此，需要对所有接待场所实施100%无烟政策。
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A smoking law was passed by the Spanish Parliament in December 2005 and was enforced by 1 January 2006. The law bans smoking in all indoor workplaces but only in some hospitality venues, because owners are allowed to establish a smoking zone (venues > 100 1132) or to allow smoking without restrictions (venues < 100 m(2)). The objective of the study is to assess the impact of the Spanish smoking law on exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in enclosed workplaces, including hospitality venues.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study design is a before-and-after evaluation. We studied workplaces and hospitality venues from eight different regions of Spain. We took repeated samples of vapor-phase nicotine concentration in 398 premises, including private offices (162), public administration offices (90), university premises (43), bars and restaurants (79), and discotheques and pubs (24).RESULTS: In the follow-up period, SHS levels were markedly reduced in indoor offices. The median decrease in nicotine concentration ranged from 60.0% in public premises to 97.4% in private areas. Nicotine concentrations were also markedly reduced in bars and restaurants that became smoke-free (96.7%) and in the no-smoking zones of venues with separate spaces for smokers (88.9%). We found no significant changes in smoking zones or in premises allowing smoking, including discotheques and pubs.CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this study shows the positive impact of the law on reducing SHS in indoor workplaces. However, SHS was substantially reduced only in bars and restaurants that became smoke-free. Most hospitality workers continue to be exposed to very high levels of SHS. Therefore, a 100% smoke-free policy for all hospitality venues is required.