Civilian Starvation: A Just Tactic of War?
Civilian Starvation: A Just Tactic of War?
复制标题
平民饥饿：正义的战争策略？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Claire R. Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Claire R. Thomas
人们普遍认为，在战争中以平民为目标在道德上是错误的。但有时饥饿战术被认为是比直接军事攻击更好的选择。本文质疑这种观点，认为饥饿策略首先影响平民，造成长期痛苦。它争辩说，除非它们能够限于一个只有军事人员会受到影响的小区域，否则它们是不公正的。它审视了日内瓦公约中关于饥饿战术的规定，以及双重效果的论点。然后，它用三个案例研究来说明这一论点：列宁格勒的围困; 1990-1991年海湾战争之前和期间实施的制裁;波斯尼亚战争期间的粮食限制。
Abstract There is general agreement that the targeting of civilians in war is morally wrong. But sometimes starvation tactics are accepted as being a better option than direct military attacks. This article questions this view by arguing that starvation tactics affect civilians first and inflict long-term suffering. It argues that they are not just unless they can be limited to a small area where only military personnel will be affected. It looks at the provision for starvation tactics in the Geneva Conventions, and at the argument of double effect. It then illustrates the argument with three case studies: the siege of Leningrad; the application of sanctions prior to and during the Gulf War in 1990–1991; and restrictions of food during the war in Bosnia.