Seeded Synthesis of Monodisperse Core-Shell and Hollow Carbon Spheres
Seeded Synthesis of Monodisperse Core-Shell and Hollow Carbon Spheres
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DOI：
10.1002/smll.201600902
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发表时间：
2016-08-24
期刊：
影响因子：
13.3
通讯作者：
Lopez, Cefe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Karime Gil-Herrera, Luz;Blanco, Alvaro;Lopez, Cefe
Luz Karime Gil-Herrera，Álvaro布兰科，Beatriz H. Juárez和Cefe López* 通过COC键的形成启动。[12]这些方法已在最近的评论中收集。[13最近，HTC由于所需的温和合成条件而获得了发展，从而提供了高纯度的产品及其潜在用途，以生产包括多功能核-壳，[15]中空-壳，[16]或硬结构球体的混合材料。[10]由于其易于去除，二氧化硅或聚合物球[17，18]（主要是PS）已被用作硬模板来制造中空CS。[13]利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）研究了碳纳米球的均匀成核和生长反应的形成机理。[12]自从通过HTC制造第一个硬CS以来，已经开发了合成方法的几种修改，以产生广泛的多功能混合球，其可以在核中容纳金属[15]或在热处理后产生金属氧化物空心球。[13 CS可以形成分级孔隙度[20]或被组织成3D结构。[21]一般来说，中空CS的使用[21-23]对于能量生产具有特殊的意义。[24]同样，在光子晶体的制造中，CS可以作为构建块，不仅因为它们可以组装成具有高填充效率的3D结构，还因为它们可以在正交条件下被移除。[26]尽管最近在通过非均质成核和生长合成胶体CS方面取得了进展，[9，27，28]所得的CS显示出相对宽（大于5%）的500 nm以上球体的尺寸分布或产生不规则的非球形形状。因此，制备粒径分布在400 ~ 900 nm（光学应用所需的范围）、粒径分布窄（< 5%）的单分散CS仍是一个巨大的挑战。我们利用与良好的胶体稳定性和球形度相关的PS特征来更好地控制最终形态。[29]最近有报道称，使用PS球作为模板可以在多步合成方法中生产出尺寸低于150 nm的高质量中空碳球[21]或更大的中空碳球。[20]然而，我们的目标是通过简单的方法实现粒径分布在500至900 nm之间的CS。我们的方法是基于在PS种子上的非均相生长，以产生PS@ C杂化球，这是由于HTC葡萄糖分解产物在PS表面上的吸附，而不需要进行繁琐的合成。
Luz Karime Gil-Herrera, Álvaro Blanco, Beatriz H. Juárez, and Cefe López* initiated by the formation of COC bonds.[12] These methods have been gathered in recent reviews.[13, 14] Lately, HTC has been gaining ground because of the mild synthesis conditions required, giving high-purity products and its potential usage to produce hybrid materials including multifunctional core–shell,[15] hollow-shell,[16] or hard structure spheres.[10] Due to their facile removal, silica or polymeric spheres [17, 18](mainly PS) have been used as hard templates to fabricate hollow CSs.[13] The formation mechanism of carbon nanospheres by homogeneous nucleation and growth reaction, studied by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) has been previously proposed.[12] Since the first hard CSs fabricated via HTC, several modifications of the synthetic approach have been developed to produce a broad palette of multifunctional hybrid spheres, which can accommodate metals in the core [15] or produce metal oxide hollow spheres in post-thermal treatments.,[13, 19] CSs can develop hierarchical porosity [20] or be organized into 3D structures.[21] In general, the use of hollow CSs,[21–23] have special interest for energy production.[24] Likewise, assisting in the fabrication of photonic crystals,[2, 25] CSs may play as building blocks not only because they can be assembled into a 3D structure with high packing efficiency, but also because they can be removed under orthogonal conditions.[26] Despite recent progress in the synthesis of colloidal CSs by heterogeneous nucleation and growth,[9, 27, 28] the resultant CSs show relatively broad (above 5%) size distribution for spheres above 500 nm or yield irregular, non-spherical shapes. Thus, to fabricate high-quality monodisperse CSs ranging from 400 to 900 nm (the range of interest for optical applications) with very narrow size distribution (< 5%) is still a great challenge.Here, we present the synthesis of monodisperse CSs via HTC assisted by PS latex as seeds, which can be transformed into hollow CS by a simple thermal treatment. We take advantage of the PS features related to good colloidal stability and sphericity to better control the final morphology.[29] The use of PS spheres as template has recently been reported to produce high-quality hollow carbon spheres with sizes below 150 nm,[21] or larger ones in multistep synthetic approaches.[20] Our goal is, however, to achieve CSs ranging from 500 to 900 nm with size distribution below 5% by simple means. Our approach is based on a heterogeneous growth over PS seeds to produce PS@ C hybrid spheres due to the adsorption of HTC glucose decomposition products over the PS surface without applying tedious synthetic