Vegetation changes along gradients of long-term soil development in the Hawaiian montane rainforest zone
Vegetation changes along gradients of long-term soil development in the Hawaiian montane rainforest zone
复制标题
夏威夷山地雨林区植被随长期土壤发育梯度的变化
DOI：
10.1007/bf00033454
复制
发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Mueller‐Dombois
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Kitayama;D. Mueller‐Dombois
夏威夷山地雨林的发育是沿着海拔 1200 米的 410 万年土壤年龄梯度在两个降水水平（中年降雨量约 2500 毫米）与湿年龄梯度（>4000 毫米）的情况下进行调查的。早期的分析表明，常见树冠物种的土壤肥力和叶面养分浓度在相同梯度上呈单峰变化，峰值出现在 20,000-150,000 年前的地点，并且叶面浓度在潮湿条件下始终低于中温条件下。我们的目标是利用物种迁移的模式和速率来分析土壤老化和湿度对森林发展的影响。所有地点的树冠都以Metrosideros polymorpha 为主。上层冠层Metrosiderostrees的平均高度和胸径从最年轻的地点增加到2100-9000年地点的峰值，然后逐渐下降到较老的地点。对平均物种覆盖值进行的去趋势对应分析表明，对于两个土壤年龄梯度，地点之间的显着变化仅发生在一个轴（轴 1）上。沿轴 1 的样本得分与中度梯度上的土壤年龄完全相关，并且与湿梯度上显着相关。较高的降雨量似乎是湿梯度上物种更新率较高的原因，可能是通过更快的岩石风化和更多的土壤元素淋滤而实现的。我们的结论是，物种覆盖值和冠层物种大小的变化反映了与土壤老化相关的养分有效性的变化模式。
The development of the Hawaiian montane rainforest was investigated along a 4.1-million-year soil age gradient at 1200 m elevation under two levels of precipitation, the mesic (c. 2500 mm annual rainfall) vs. wet (>4000 mm) age gradient. Earlier analyses suggested that soil fertility and foliar nutrient concentrations of common canopy species changed unimodally on the same gradients, with peak values at the 20,000–150,000 yr old sites, and that foliar concentrations were consistently lower under the wet than under the mesic conditions. Our objectives were to assay the influences of soil aging and moisture on forest development using the patterns and rates of species displacements. The canopies at all sites were dominated byMetrosideros polymorpha. Mean height and dbh of upper canopyMetrosiderostrees increased from the youngest site to peak values at the 2100–9000 yr sites, and successively declined to older sites. A detrended correspondence analysis applied to mean species cover values revealed that significant variation among sites occurred only on one axis (axis 1), for both soil-age gradients. Sample scores along axis 1 were perfectly correlated with soil age on the mesic gradient, and significantly correlated on the wet gradient. Higher rainfall appeared to be responsible for the higher rates of species turnover on the wet gradient probably through faster rock weathering and greater leaching of soil elements. We concluded that the changes in species cover values and size of the canopy species was a reflection of the changing pattern of nutrient availability associated with soil aging.