The effects of agrochemicals on Lepidoptera, with a focus on moths, and their pollination service in field margin habitats
The effects of agrochemicals on Lepidoptera, with a focus on moths, and their pollination service in field margin habitats
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2015.04.002
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Bruehl, Carsten A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hahn, Melanie;Schotthoefer, Annalena;Bruehl, Carsten A.
在农业景观中，田地边缘是飞蛾和蝴蝶（鳞翅目）的潜在栖息地。然而，由于靠近农业用地，田地利润可能会受到农药和化肥投入的影响。在本研究中，我们评估了毛毛虫对田地边缘作为栖息地的使用情况。此外，通过田间、半田间和实验室实验研究了各种农用化学品的实际田间余量投入率对飞蛾，特别是毛虫阶段的影响。我们的监测结果表明，虽然在田边发现了毛毛虫，但其平均丰度比草地低 35-60%。在田间试验中，杀虫剂处理（拟除虫菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯）显着减少了毛毛虫的数量，只有 15% 的毛毛虫样本出现在经过杀虫剂处理的地块中。此外，杀虫剂影响了毛虫的群落组成，而肥料处理则略微增加了毛毛虫的丰度。在实验室实验中，芸苔毛虫在接触经杀虫剂处理的叶子时表现出非常敏感（48小时后杀死50%测试毛虫（LR50）的比率：推荐田间比率的0.78%；该比率对应于距离作物3-4m的田地边缘的耕地喷雾漂移输入），并且毛毛虫也似乎避免取食经处理的叶子。此外，在一项半田间研究中，与对照植物相比，喷洒了杀虫剂的Silene latifolia植物上发现的Hadena bicruris蛾卵减少了40%，并且经过杀虫剂处理的植物的花朵被飞蛾授粉的可能性较小。总体而言，这些研究表明，飞蛾利用田地边缘作为栖息地，并且它们可能会受到农用化学品的实际投入率的影响。由于毛毛虫是重要的猎物生物，而成年蛾可以充当传粉媒介，因此应减少农田边缘农用化学品的投入，以维持农业景观的生物多样性。 (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
In agricultural landscapes, field margins are potential habitats for moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera). However, because of their proximity to agricultural sites, field margins can be affected by inputs of pesticides and fertilizers. In the present study, we assessed the use of field margins by caterpillars as habitat. Furthermore, the effects of realistic field margin input rates of various agrochemicals on moths, especially on their caterpillar stages, were studied in field, semi-field, and laboratory experiments. Our monitoring results indicate that, although caterpillars were found in field margins, their mean abundance was 35-60% lower compared to meadows. In a field experiment, the insecticide treatment (pyrethroid, lambda-cyhalothrin) significantly reduced the number of caterpillars and only 15% of the sampled caterpillars occurred in the insecticide-treated plots. Furthermore, the insecticide affected the community composition of the caterpillars, whereas the fertilizer treatment slightly increased the caterpillar abundance. In laboratory experiments, Mamestra brassicae caterpillars were shown to be very sensitive when exposed to insecticide-treated leaves (rate that kills 50% of the test caterpillars (LR50) after 48 h: 0.78% of the recommended field rate; this rate corresponds to the arable spray drift input in field margins at a distance of 3-4m from the crop), and the caterpillars also appeared to avoid feeding on the treated leaves. In addition, in a semi-field study, 40% fewer eggs of Hadena bicruris moths were found on Silene latifolia plants sprayed with the insecticide compared to control plants and the flowers of insecticide-treated plants were less likely to be pollinated by moths. Overall, these studies illustrate that moths use field margins as habitats and that they can be affected by realistic input rates of agrochemicals. As caterpillars are important prey organisms and adult moths can act as pollinators, inputs of agrochemicals in field margins should be reduced to maintain biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.