Early Social Experience and Individual Differences in Infants' Joint Attention
Early Social Experience and Individual Differences in Infants' Joint Attention
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00533.x
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Murray, Lynne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gaffan, Elizabeth A.;Martins, Carla;Murray, Lynne
研究人员拍摄了59名健康婴儿在2个月、4个月、6个月和9个月时与母亲和研究人员进行面对面游戏，以及6个月和9个月时玩玩具的情况。在两个年龄段玩玩具的过程中，研究人员评估了两个联合注意力（JA）指数--婴儿对注意力的要求和共同注意力时间的百分比，沿着还有其他行为测量。在所有四个年龄段的婴儿和母亲的互动风格进行了全球评级。母亲的精神病史各不相同（例如，有产后忧郁症的妇女占一半，社会经济地位也不同，因此她们的互动方式也不同。母亲和研究人员对9个月婴儿JA的变化是通过母亲行为的变化和6个月时的总体评分来预测的，而不是在2个月或4个月时。同时成人的行为也影响了9个月的JA，独立的婴儿评级。六个月的母亲行为，积极预测以后JA（其中一些仍然是重要的，在9个月），包括教学，玩具的联合行动，和全球敏感性。其他行为（例如，娱乐性）消极地预测了后来的JA。研究结果进行了讨论，在社会学习和神经生物学帐户的JA出现。
Fifty-nine healthy infants were filmed with their mothers and with a researcher at two, four, six and nine months in face-to-face play, and in toy-play at six and nine months. During toy-play at both ages, two indices of joint attention (JA)-infant bids for attention, and percent of time in shared attention-were assessed, along with other behavioural measures. Global ratings were made at all four ages of infants' and mothers' interactive style. The mothers varied in psychiatric history (e.g., half had experienced postpartum depression) and socioeconomic status, so their interactive styles were diverse. Variation in nine-month infant JA-with mother and with researcher-was predicted by variation in maternal behaviour and global ratings at six months, but not at two or four months. Concurrent adult behaviour also influenced nine-month JA, independent of infant ratings. Six-month maternal behaviours that positively predicted later JA (some of which remained important at nine months) included teaching, conjoint action on a toy, and global sensitivity. Other behaviours (e.g., entertaining) negatively predicted later JA. Findings are discussed in terms of social-learning and neurobiological accounts of JA emergence.